王晓英 彭克忠 余海清 兰常军 刘韩 吴富雨 夏苗 伍杰

摘要    在成都地区引种栽培的康定木兰，生长情况良好，但未发现开花，关于其花芽分化过程及相关机理研究尚不明确。本文以野生康定木兰花芽、栽培康定木兰花芽为材料通过石蜡切片观察康定木兰花芽分化过程。同时，研究喷施激素和修剪处理对栽培康定木兰花芽分化的影响，探索康定木兰花芽分化机理。结果表明，野生康定木兰花芽分化从4月底开始到6月上旬结束，整个过程历时39 d左右;康定木兰的未分化期、花芽分化初期、花瓣原基分化期、雄蕊原基分化期、雌蕊原基分化期分别历时35、6、10、11、12 d;同时期的栽培康定木兰在经过各种处理后并未进行花芽分化。成都平原夏季自然高温可能抑制康定木兰花芽分化。

关键词    康定木兰;激素;修剪;花芽分化;石蜡切片

中图分类号    Q944.85        文献标识码    A

文章编号   1007-5739（2020）11-0143-02             开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）

Study  on  Flower  Bud  Differentiation  Mechanism  of  Magnolia  dawsoniana

WANG Xiao-ying    PENG Ke-zhong    YU Hai-qing    LAN Chang-jun    LIU Han    WU Fu-yu    XIA Miao    WU Jie *

（Sichuan Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Forestry Research Institute，Kangding Sichuan 626001）

Abstract    The growth of Magnolia dawsoniana introduced and cultivated in chengdu Area is good，but no flowers has been found，the study on the process of flower bud differentiation and its related mechanism are still unclear. In this paper，the bud differentiation of wild and cultivated M. dawsoniana was observed by paraffin section.At the same time，the effects of spraying hormone and pruning on flower bud differentiation of cultivated M. dawsoniana were studied to explore the mechanism of flower bud differentiation. The results showed that the flower bud differentiation of wild M. dawsoniana lasted about 39 days from the end of April to the end of early June;the undifferentiated stage，the initial stage of flower bud differentiation，the petal primordium differentiation stage，the stamen primordium differentiation stage and the pistil primordium differentiation stage of M. dawsoniana lasted 35，6，10，11 and 12 days，respectively;the buds of cultivated M. dawsoniana at the same time did not differentiatie after various treatments，the natural high temperature in Chengdu Plain might inhibit the flower bud differentiation of M. dawsoniana.

Key words    Magnolia dawsoniana;hormone;prune;flower bud differentiation;paraffin section

康定木蘭（Magnolia dawsoniana）是我国西南山区特有的一种原始古老孑遗植物，是木兰属中较原始的种类，属国家保护珍稀树种。因为花大芳香、色彩艳丽，集观赏、食用、药用等用途于一体，具有极高的开发利用价值[1]。目前，康定木兰已在成都等地引种，生长状况良好，但是均未发现开花;康定木兰嫁接苗的苗龄最大已经达到4年，仍始终未见花芽分化。这可能与康定木兰花芽分化期间的成都平原高温天气有关。目前，仍缺少足够的生物学和生理学证据支持，需要进一步深入研究和分析。……