严国富 汤洁 魏有海 李凯凯 牛红艳

摘要    本文研究了海藻有機颗粒肥、褐藻双寡糖和壳寡糖等海洋性肥料在青海省马铃薯零化肥和零农药施用种植模式中的应用。结果表明，与空白对照相比，马铃薯产量、大薯率和增产率均为最高，分别为52 045.45 kg/hm2、85.76%和59.47%;与常规化肥对比，马铃薯产量减少6.38%，而大薯率提高8.9个百分点，VC、淀粉和蛋白质含量分别增加11.22%、14.72%和10.89%。该技术的应用符合农业部制定的“化肥零增长”“农药零增长”和青海省打造一批绿色产品基地、有机产品基地、知名品牌基地，提高农产品质量，增加绿色、有机农产品供给，提高国内外市场竞争力的战略定位，也能为三江源、“中华水塔”的青海省绿色生态建设作出重要贡献。

关键词    马铃薯;雷力海洋性肥料;零化肥和零农药施用;海藻有机颗粒肥;褐藻双寡糖;壳寡糖;产量;青海省

中图分类号    S532        文献标识码    A

文章编号   1007-5739（2020）11-0064-02                                                                                     开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）

Application  of  Leili  Marine  Fertilizer  in  Potato  Planting  Mode  of  Zero  Fertilizer  and  Zero  Pesticide  in  Qinghai  Province

YAN Guo-fu 1    TANG Jie 1    WEI You-hai 2    LI Kai-kai 1    NIU Hong-yan 1

（1 Beijing Leili Marine Biological New Industry Co.，Ltd.，Beijing 100081; 2 Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences）

Abstract    This paper studied the application of marine fertilizers，such as seaweed organic granular fertilizer，alginate oligosaccharide and chitosan oligosaccharide，in potato planting mode of zero fertilizer and zero pesticide application   in Qinghai Province. The results showed that，compared with the blank control，the yield，rate of big potato and rate of production increase were the highest，which were 52 045.45 kg/hm2，85.76% and 59.47%，respectively. Compared with the conventional fertilizer，the yield of potato decreased by 6.38%，while the rate of big potato increased by 8.9 percentage points，and the content of VC，starch and protein increased by 11.22%，14.72% and 10.89%，respectively.The application of the technology is in line with the "zero growth of chemical fertilizer" and "zero growth of pesticide" formulated by the Ministry of Agriculture，and the strategic positioning of Qinghai Province to build a batch of green product bases，organic product bases and well-known brand bases，improve the quality of agricultural products，increase the supply of green and organic agricultural products，and improve the market competitiveness at home and abroad. It can also make an important contribution to the green ecological construction of Qinghai Province.

Key words    potato;leili marine fertilizer;zero fertilizer and zero pesticide application，seaweed organic granular fertilizer;alginate oligosaccharide;chitosan oligosaccharide;yield;Qinghai Province

馬铃薯起源于南美洲的秘鲁和玻利维亚交界的提提卡卡湖地区，是目前世界上仅次于谷类作物的第四大粮食作物。目前，马铃薯广泛种植于我国20多个省、市、自治区。2014年，农业部提出加强马铃薯主食产品开发战略，给中国马铃薯产业发展带来新的契机。2015年，我国正式启动了马铃薯主粮化战略，把马铃薯列为水稻、小麦、玉米之后的第四大主粮。在传统的淀粉、全粉、薯条、薯片等马铃薯加工品的基础上，马铃薯半成品、方便菜肴等系列新加工品也逐步被开发出来，消费需求呈上升势头。……