警惕南美番茄潜叶蛾TutaabsolutaMeyrick在中国扩散
2020-06-08张桂芬冼晓青张毅波
张桂芬 冼晓青 张毅波


摘要 南美番茄潜叶蛾源于南美洲的秘鲁,是新近侵入中国的一种外来有害生物,主要为害蔬菜、水果、烟草、粮食作物、糖料作物和杂草等,嗜食茄科植物,尤其番茄(包括鲜食番茄、樱桃番茄、加工番茄等)和世界广布性杂草龙葵,严重发生时导致番茄减产80%~100%。该虫首次于2017年在新疆伊犁被发现,寄主植物为露地鲜食番茄,之后又在云南临沧发生,寄主植物为保护地鲜食番茄。南美番茄潜叶蛾寄主范围广泛,有9科约40种,并极易随农产品(尤其番茄)的贸易活动/调运进行远距离扩散,严重威胁我国农业产业的安全发展。文章概述了南美番茄潜叶蛾的分布范围、生物学习性、传播途径,分析了其在我国的发生发展趋势,并从物种鉴定、生物防治等方面提出了建议,以期为有效防控该虫在我国的进一步扩散提供参考。
关键词 南美番茄潜叶蛾; 外来有害生物; 发展趋势; 传播途径; 物种鉴定
中图分类号: S433.4 文献标识码: B DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019061
Abstract The South America tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), a newly invaded alien species in China, is an extremely damaging leaf-mining moth of South American origin. This moth can damage nearly 40 host species, including vegetables, fruits, tobacco, food crop, sugar crop, as well as weed plants, belonging to nine families. However, it prefers the Solanaceae plants most, especially the tomatoes, containing the fresh marketing tomato, processing tomato and cherry tomato, as well as the black nightshade Solanum nigrum L., a worldwide distributed weed species. Under heavy infestation, yield losses of tomatoes in the range of 80%-100% are common. T. absoluta was first recorded in Yili, Xinjiang, China in August, 2017 infesting open-field fresh marketing tomato plants. Several months later, it was found in Lincang, Yunnan, China,infesting protected-field fresh marketing tomato. T. absoluta is small in body size and can be easily carried away via national and international trade actives of agri-products, especially the tomato fruits, which pose a potential threat to the safety production of Chinas agricultural industry. In the present paper, we summarize the information on the geographic distribution, biological characteristics and pathways of spreading, analyze the development trend in China, and propose biological control measures of T. absoluta.
Key words Tuta absoluta; invasive alien pests; development trend; pathways of spreading; species identification
南美番茄潛叶蛾Tuta absoluta (Meyrick),又名番茄潜叶蛾、番茄潜麦蛾、番茄麦蛾,英文首选通用名称the tomato leafminer、国际通用名称the South American tomato moth[1],属鳞翅目Lepidoptera麦蛾科Gelechiidae,原产于南美洲的秘鲁,是一种世界性检疫性入侵害虫[1-2]。南美番茄潜叶蛾寄主范围广泛,可为害蔬菜(如番茄、茄子、甜椒、菜豆、菠菜等)、水果(如樱桃番茄/圣女果、菇娘、人参果等)、粮食作物(如马铃薯)、糖料作物(如甜菜)、烟草以及杂草植物(如龙葵、田旋花等)等,且扩散迅速,截至2017年5月已在南美洲、欧洲、非洲、中美洲、亚洲等的85个国家/地区发生,并在22个国家/地区疑似发生,严重发生时常导致番茄减产80%~100%[1, 3-4]。……
