曹凯丽 汪姝玥 于冰洁

摘要 2017年和2018年6月至8月运用KC-08XVSD型昆虫雷达，结合探照灯诱虫器和地面诱虫灯诱捕数据及地面气象数据，分析了中哈边境塔城区域空中昆虫飞行特征及主要类群。结果表明：高空灯共诱捕到昆虫151种，分属12目50科，主要以鳞翅目和鞘翅目为主，地面灯共诱捕到昆虫137种，分属12目54科，主要以鞘翅目、半翅目、双翅目和直翅目为主，其中高空灯下宽胫夜蛾、旋歧夜蛾和甘薯天蛾的种群数量具有突增突减现象。雷达监测结果显示：灯下诱集到大量昆虫时，雷达回波时间主要集中在22：00-02：00，回波高度主要集中在200～600 m，有明显的成层现象和哑铃形回波分布。偏西风天气、风速在1.4～2.9 m/s时高空灯和地面灯诱虫数量较多。研究结果为利用昆虫雷达长期监测中哈边境昆虫迁飞提供基础数据，为深入探讨中哈边境区域害虫迁飞规律和监测预警提供科学依据。

关键词 中哈边境; 雷达观测; 昆虫迁飞; 飞行特征

中图分类號： S 431.9  文献标识码： A  DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019042

Abstract The KC-08XVSD entomological radar was used to study the flight characteristics and the dominant species of aerial insects in Tacheng area along the China-Kazakhstan border during June-August of 2017 and 2018. The data from entomological radar， search light trap， ground light trap and surface meteorological data were integrated in this study. The experimental results indicated that there were 151 species of insects trapped by search light trap， belonging to 50 families and 12 orders， mainly Lepidoptera and Coleoptera， and 137 species of insects trapped by ground light trap， belonging to 54 families and 12 orders， mainly Coleoptera， Hemiptera， Diptera and Orthoptera. The insects Protoschinia scutosa， Anarta trifolii and Agrius convolvuli showed a phenomenon of sudden change in the number of their populations. The target echoes of entomological radar indicated that， when a large number of insects were trapped by the lamp， there was a significant peak period of target echo density from 22：00 to 02：00， and the migration altitude of insects was mainly concentrated at 200-600 m. Entomological radar screen showed that there were dumbbell-shaped distribution of echoes and layering phenomenon of insects. When the wind direction was westerly and the wind velocity was from 1.4 m/s to 2.9 m/s， more number of insects was trapped by search light and ground light. These results provide a reference for the long-term monitoring of insect migration by using entomological radar in the future， and provide a scientific basis for the further study on the migration rules of pests and the monitoring in the border areas of China and Kazakhstan.

Key words China-Kazakhstan border; radar observation; insect migration; flight characteristics

迁飞是昆虫在时间和空间上躲避不良环境的策略，也是许多害虫大范围突发成灾的原因之一[1-2]。昆虫迁飞多发生在夜间且飞行高度超出裸眼观测范围，导致对其预测预报较难[3-5]。昆虫雷达（entomological radar）接收昆虫身体反射雷达发出的电磁波，并通过回波解算获得空中目标的数量、迁移高度和速度及方向等重要参数[6-7]。国内外学者先后借助昆虫雷达技术对塞内加尔小车蝗Oedaleus senegalensis Krauss、非洲黏虫Spodoptera exempta （Walker）、草地螟Loxostege sticticalis Linnaeus、褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens Stl和黄地老虎Agrotis segetum（Denis et Schiffermüler）等迁飞害虫的飞行高度、速度和行为进行了研究，对建立迁飞害虫早期预警体系具有重要意义[8-13]。……