杨慧赞 文露婷 林勇 杜雪松 王瑞 马华威 曾兰 胡庭俊

摘要：【目的】建立XX型全雌吉富羅非鱼家系，为今后进行全雄吉富罗非鱼规模化制种提供优质母本，进而为罗非鱼性别控制及育种研究提供基础材料。【方法】通过给仔鱼连续15 d投喂60 mg/kg的甲基睾丸酮（MT）诱导获得表型全雄吉富罗非鱼，经测交筛选获得伪雄吉富罗非鱼（♂：XX），与常规雌性吉富罗非鱼（♀：XX）交配繁育全雌罗非鱼家系，经过3个世代选育获得全雌和伪雄吉富罗非鱼。根据吉富罗非鱼生殖孔外观结构差异进行性别鉴定;测量150日龄时各吉富罗非鱼家系的体长和体重，并计算罗非鱼肥满度。【结果】MT诱导吉富罗非鱼的雄性率达100.0%;吉富罗非鱼选育家系F1～F3代的平均雌性率分别为80.3%、92.4%和99.9%，分别获得5、5和6个全雌家系，其中F3代仅有1个非全雌家系（雌性率为99.4%）。吉富罗非鱼选育家系F1～F3代150日龄雄性罗非鱼的平均体重分别为815.4、857.9和930.1 g，较对照组提高8.73%、14.62%和21.31%，其中F2和F3代的体重显著高于对照组（P<0.05，下同）;3个世代雄性罗非鱼平均体长分别为25.63、25.48和26.22 cm，较对照组提高3.51%、2.87%和4.42%，F3代的体长显著高于对照组。吉富罗非鱼选育家系F1～F3代150日龄雌性罗非鱼的平均体重分别为733.9、745.0和789.8 g，较对照组显著提高12.13%、16.48%和24.99%;平均体长分别为24.57、24.35和24.79 cm，较对照组提高3.93%、3.13%和4.07%，其中F1代的体长显著高于对照组。经过3个世代选育，吉富罗非鱼的生长性能得到大幅提升，F3代吉富罗非鱼选育家系的平均体重提高22.97%，保种家系的平均体重提高28.62%，且肥满度也得到明显提高。【结论】通过MT诱导处理可批量生产伪雄吉富罗非鱼，实现全雌吉富罗非鱼的规模化制种，经过3个世代选育，获得的伪雄和全雌吉富罗非鱼生长性能显著提高，更适于吉富罗非鱼育种及性别相关研究。

关键词： 吉富罗非鱼;MT诱导;全雌;伪雄;家系选育

Abstract：【Objective】XX type of all-female GIFT tilapias families were established to provide high quality female parent for large-scale production of all-male GIFT tilapias in the future， and then provide basic materials for sex control and breeding research of tilapias. 【Method】The larvae of GIFT tilapias were continuously fed 60mg/kg methyl testosterone（MT） for 15 d. When they grown into sexual maturity， the phenotype of all-male GIFT tilapias were induced， neomales with the XX genotype（♂：XX） were obtained by test cross， and then crossed with normal females with the XX genotype（♀：XX）， yielded progeny all-females and neomales families of GIFT tilapias after three generations of selective breeding. According to the differences of the appearance and structure of the reproductive pores of tilapia， the body length and weight of each tilapia family at 150 days old were measured， and the condition factor of tilapias were calculated. 【Result】The rate of male GIFT tilapias induced by MT was 100.0%. The selection percentages of female GIFT tilapias breeding families from F1 to F3 generations were 80.3%， 92.4% and 99.9%， respectively， five， five and six all-female families were obtained， of which F3 had only one non-all-female family （rate of female was 99.4%）.The average body weights of male GIFT tilapias breeding familiesof F1-F3 generations fed for 150 d were 815.4， 857.9 and 930.1 g， respectively， which were 8.73%， 14.62% and 21.31% higher than that of the control group. And those of F2 and F3 generations were significantly higher than that of the control group（P<0.05， the same below）. The average body lengths of male GIFT tilapias were 25.63， 25.48 and 26.22 cm ， respectively， which were 3.51%， 2.87% and 4.42% higher than that of the control group， and that of F3 generation was significantly higher than control. The average body weight of female GIFT tilapias breeding families of F1-F3 generationsfed for 150 d were 733.9， 745.0 and 789.8 g， respectively， which were 12.13%， 16.48% and 24.99% significantly higher than that of the control group. The average body lengths of female GIFT tilapias were 24.57， 24.35 and 24.79 cm， which were 3.93%， 3.13% and 4.07% higher than that of the control group， that of F1 generation was significantly higher than control. Breeding of three generations improved growth traits of GIFTA tilapia， F3 generationbreeding family increased the average weight by 22.97%， the average weight of breeding conservation family increased by 28.62%， and condition factor also improved greatly. 【Conclusion】Large-scale neomales can be obtained through MT induction， and all-female GIFT tilapias breeding in large-scale can be achieved. After three genera-tions of breeding， the growth performance of neomales and all-female GIFT tilapias is significantly improved， which is more sui-table for tilapias breeding and sex regulation researches.

0 引言

【研究意义】罗非鱼隶属于鲈形目（Perciformes）鲡鱼科（Cichlidae）罗非鱼属（Oreochromis），俗名非洲鲫鱼，原产于热带亚热带，因其具有繁殖力强、生长速度快、抗病力强等优点已成为当今世界上最重要的淡水养殖品种之一（陈胜军等，2007）。吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼（Gifford strain Nile tilapia，GIFT）简称吉富罗非鱼，是我国罗非鱼养殖的主导品系（刘峰等，2006），目前已在全国20多个省（市，区）推广养殖。我国是全球最大的罗非鱼生产国和出口国，罗非鱼产业对促进我国农业产业结构调整及农民增收具有重要意义。……