刘斌 寇燕燕 何巨峰 王伟 刘瑛

摘要：以玉米品种先玉33为指示品种，研究了盐碱地原位工程化根治技术对盐碱地土壤养分和玉米主要性状及产量的影响。结果表明，盐碱地原位工程化根治技术显著降低了盐碱地土壤的全盐量、土壤pH，促进玉米对土壤碱解氮和速效钾的吸收。玉米全生育期缩短5～8 d，显著提高盐碱地玉米的株高、穗长、穗粗和百粒重。其中凹晶材料45 t/hm2一次性铺设的折合产量为7 868.1 kg/hm2，较不铺设凹晶材料增产2 877.4 kg/hm2，增产率57.7%，可作为未来盐碱地改良的重要措施之一。

关键词：盐碱地原位工程化根治技术;玉米;凹晶材料;景电灌区

Abstract：The effects of three new types of urea on potato yield and absorption efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer were studied in the main potato producing areas of Gansu Province. The results showed that compared with the conventional application of common urea， the controlled loss of urea could increase potato yield by 18.01% and nitrogen absorption efficiency by 23.4 percentage points compared with ordinary urea under the condition of N application of 225 kg/hm2， the potato yield and nitrogen absorption efficiency were increased by 15.73% and 14.5 percentage points respectively under the application of humic acid urea， the potato yield and nitrogen absorption efficiency were increased by 7.30% and 29.3 percentage points respectively under the application of Limoushi efficiency urea.

土壤鹽碱化是指土壤底层或地下水的盐分通过毛细作用不断向土壤表层聚积，水分蒸发以后，使盐分留在上层土壤中而形成盐渍土的自然地质过程[1 ]。土壤盐渍化和次生盐碱化不但会导致土壤肥力下降，作物减产生长迟缓，品质和产量下降[2 ]，也会对生态环境造成危害，严重影响农业生产的发展。研究表明，盐碱土壤中土壤微生物量、碳、氮和基础呼吸都较普通农用土壤有大幅的下降，严重影响盐碱地土壤的保肥供肥能     力[3 ]，如何改良和治理盐碱化土壤成为亟须研究解决的问题[4 - 5 ]。

景电灌区地处腾格里沙漠向黄土高原的过渡地带，是我国黄河中上游重要的高扬程灌溉农业区，灌区土壤属于荒漠灰钙土，含盐量高[6 ]，长期存在大面积的盐碱化土壤，如何有效的改良这些土壤就成为当地农业发展的首要任务。……