柴宗越 陈馨 强浩然 闫永琴 王奉军 王玉鹏 胡轼林

摘要：在草莓品种京藏香栽培基质（草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩体积比为3∶1∶1）中分别添加基质質量的20%、15%、10%、5%凹凸棒石，以不添加凹凸棒石为对照（CK），观测凹凸棒石添加量对草莓栽培基质营养、草莓品质及产量的影响。结果表明，基质铵态氮、硝态氮、有效磷、速效钾含量随凹凸棒石的添加显著高于CK，pH随着凹凸棒石的添加而升高，EC值减小;添加量为20%时，草莓Vc含量、单果重显著高于对照处理，可溶性糖、可滴定酸、糖酸比差异不显著。随着凹凸棒石添加量的增加，草莓产量在添加量15%～20%时呈增大趋势，20%处理较CK增产11.97%，15%处理较CK增产5.33%。凹凸棒石添加量为基质质量的20%时，基质理化性状较好，草莓品质及产量较高。

关键词：草莓;凹凸棒石;基质营养;品质;产量

Abstract：20%， 15%， 10% and 5% attapulgite of the mass of the substrate were added to the cultivation substrate of strawberry cultivars jingzangxiang-beijing （Peat Charcoal： Vermiculite： Perlite =3∶1∶1）， and the effects of attapulgite on the nutrition of the cultivation substrate， strawberry quality and yield were observed. The results showed that the content of ammonium， nitrate， available phosphorus and available potassium in the substrate was significantly higher than that of CK treatment with the addition of attapulgite. The pH increased with the addition of attapulgite， and the EC value decreased. When the amount was 20%， the vitamin C and single fruit weight of strawberry were significantly higher than that of the control. The difference of soluble sugar，titratable acid and sugar-acid ratio was not significant. With the increase of attapulgite addition， strawberry yield increased from 15% to 20%. 20% treatment increased yield by 11.97% compared with CK， and 15% treatment increased yield by 5.33%. In summary， the addition amount of attapulgite is 20% of the matrix mass， the physical and chemical properties of the matrix are better，and the quality and yield of strawberry are higher.

草莓（Fragaria ananassa Duch）属于蔷薇科（rosaceae）草莓属（Fragaria），以其色、香、味俱佳的优势被誉为“水果皇后”，是世界性水果之一。截至2017年，世界草莓种植面积已达40.3万hm2，其中亚洲种植面积为16.84万hm2，占世界草莓种植面积的41.73%[1 - 2 ]。中国野生草莓资源虽十分丰富，但大果型栽培草莓历史只有103 a，草莓栽培品种以引进为主，先后从国外引进了数百个品种，近年日韩品种较为流行[3 ]。

凹凸棒石（Attapulgite）也叫坡缕石，是一种层链状过渡结构的以含水富镁硅酸盐为主的黏土矿[4 ]，其分子式为Mg5Si8O20（OH）2（OH2）4·4H2O。我国是世界凹凸棒石主要蕴藏国，而甘肃省的凹凸棒石资源占世界的70%以上，主要分布在白银市的靖远县、会宁县和张掖市的临泽县。甘肃的凹凸棒石富含动植物有机……