永登县高海拔地区红笋黑白双层地膜一年两茬栽培技术
2020-05-21李硕
李硕
摘要:从品种选择、整地施肥、起垄覆膜、播种覆膜、田间管理、病虫害防治及适时采收等方面总结了永登县高海拔山区红笋双层地膜一年两茬栽培技术。
关键词:双膜覆盖;红笋;一年两茬;永登县高海拔地区;栽培技术
Abstract:Chiral pesticides exhibit different environmental behaviors when they enter the environment. It is important to study the enantiomeric structure and enantioselective environmental behavior of chiral pesticides for the development of efficient and low-risk pesticides. The paper reviewed the application of crystallization separation, enzyme split method, the liquid-liquid extraction separation method, chemical separation, chromatographic separation methods in enantiomeric resolution of chiral pesticides in recent 10 years, as well as the research progress of the enantioselective environmental behavior of chiral environment in water, soil, animals and plants, and its research trend was prospected.
红笋为半耐寒性蔬菜,其生性喜欢冷凉气候,禁忌高温、稍耐霜冻,种子发芽的最低温度为4 ℃,幼苗的抗逆性较强,生长期能忍耐-4 ℃的低温[1 - 2 ]。永登县高海拔地区气候冷凉、病虫害轻,是理想的红笋生产基地,年红笋种植面积达3 000 hm2,生产的红笋品质好,经济效益显著[3 - 5 ]。受经济利益驱使,当地菜农试图进行一年两茬种植,但往往因海拔高、年有效积温低而不能正常成熟。此外,膜下杂草严重,顶破地膜,草菜争夺养分等问题也影响其生长。我们通过试验,探索出了高海拔地区红笋黑白两层地膜一年两茬栽培技术,黑膜不透光,能有效抑制膜下杂草生长;白膜具有良好的透性,提升地温,播种窝上再覆盖白膜,保证了头茬红笋在早春低温下播种后能快速萌发,幼苗出土后免遭低温冻害。实践证明,双层地膜覆盖可使5 cm表土层地温提高3~6 ℃,使春季头茬红笋播种期和采收期比当地习惯种植的提早20多天,相应地使二茬红笋播种期和采收期也提前20多天,保证秋后二茬红笋能正常成熟采收。该技术适宜在永登县城关镇以北、武胜驿镇武胜驿村以南、海拔低于2 285 m的河谷川区应用,气候正常年份能使两茬红笋成熟采收。
1 品种选择
选用抗病、抗逆性强、耐抽薹、商品性好、产量高、尖叶的红笋品种,如福建永安飞桥莴笋王。……
