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1998年洪灾以来国内洪灾防治新进展

2020-05-21程子浩黄方圆邓心怡杨现坤

科技创新与应用 2020年15期

程子浩 黄方圆 邓心怡 杨现坤

摘  要:1998年的长江、珠江、松花江等中国主要江河爆发了特大洪水,对流域内地区造成了严重的损失。文章概述1998年洪灾和防洪措施存在的主要问题,并对1998年洪灾之后在洪灾防治上的新进展进行探索,认为近20年国家在城市防洪、水利工程建设、流域生态修复和水文监测技术革新等防洪措施方面发展迅速,反映了国家对洪灾防治的重视和对人民生命财产安全的关注。同时指出当前防洪中仍存在一些不足,需要进一步完善,才能从根本上防控洪灾,保护人民生命财产安全。

关键词:1998年洪灾;暴雨;洪涝;洪灾防治;水文监测

中图分类号:TV87          文献标志码:A      文章编号:2095-2945(2020)15-0063-04

Abstract: In 1998, major floods broke out in the Yangtze River, Pearl River, Songhua River and other major rivers in China, which caused serious losses to the areas in the basin. This paper summarizes the main problems existing in 1998 Flood and flood control measures for it, and explores the new progress in flood prevention and control after the flood in 1998. It is considered that the country has developed rapidly in flood control measures such as urban flood control, water conservancy project construction, river basin ecological restoration and hydrological monitoring technology innovation in the past 20 years, which reflects the country's attention to flood prevention and the safety of people's lives and property. At the same time, it is pointed out that there are still some deficiencies in the current flood control, which need to be further improved in order to fundamentally prevent and control floods and protect the safety of people's lives and property.

Keywords: 1998 flood; rainstorm; flood; flood prevention and control; hydrological monitoring

1 概述

1998年因气候异常导致长江、珠江、松花江等国内多条主要江河爆发了全流域性的大洪水,造成4150人死亡,直接經济损失2551亿元。虽然洪水破坏性强,并呈现出水量大、受灾范围广、持续时间长等特点,但在受灾情况上,与1998年之前的洪水相比得到明显控制。如与1954年长江流域洪水的灾情相比,无论在死亡人数还是洪水淹没范围上,都显著减少。但仍没有最大程度上降低洪灾的影响,其暴露出来的诸多洪灾防治问题仍对现在洪灾防治具有重要的警示意义。

关于1998年洪灾成因与灾害防治已有诸多学者进行探索,如赵思雄等着重研究了引发长江流域“二度梅”暴雨的成因;谭术魁则找出当时长江流域土地利用的不足,并对未来土地利用方案进行了初步的探讨;许士国等针对嫩江流域在1998特大洪水受到的环境影响进行分析,并从积极和消极两方面对洪灾进行较客观的分析。……

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