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南瓜新品种‘云腿南瓜’的选育

2020-05-21龙荣华高华彬高婷张彦明秦荣沙毓沧

中国瓜菜 2020年4期

龙荣华 高华彬 高婷 张彦明 秦荣 沙毓沧

摘 要:  ‘云腿南瓜属中国南瓜,瓜呈长颈圆筒形,近瓜蒂端平,瓜顶凸,无棱;嫩瓜皮色青绿,嫩瓜表面块状斑纹,斑纹浅绿;老瓜皮浅黄色,表皮有粉,瓜横切面圆形,纵径横径比2.8∶1;嫩瓜肉淡绿色,老瓜肉橙黄色;瓜肉厚约3.0 cm,几乎无腹心;定植后60 d左右开始采收嫩瓜,嫩瓜平均单瓜质量1.3 kg,667 m2产量3 500 kg;老瓜平均单瓜质量2.3 kg,667 m2产量2 850 kg,肉质厚,质地紧密细腻,口感清甜、糯。全生育期180 d左右,耐湿、耐热性较强,抗病性强。适应性强,适宜云南省海拔1 500~2 200 m、生长温度15~30 ℃区域种植。2019年10月经云南省种子管理站组织专家认定。

关键词: 南瓜; 新品种; ‘云腿南瓜

中图分类号: S642.1   文献标志码:A   文章编号: 1673-2871(2020)04-068-03

Abstract: ‘Yuntui belongs to Chinese pumpkin. Its fruit is cylindrical shaped with long neck, smooth surface, flat near end of the pumpkin and bulgy top. Tender fruit has light green ?oral skin and light green flesh, the old fruit is light yellow in skin color with powder.  The transverse section of ‘Yuntui is round and the vertical and horizontal diameter ratio is 2.8∶1. The flesh of the old fruit is orange in color, about 3.0 cm in thickness, firming in texture, sweet and glutinous in mouth feel and almost no stomach. Young fruit  can be harvested about 60 days after transplanting, the average single fruit weight is 1.3 kg and yield per 667 m2 is 3 500 kg. The average weight of a single old pumpkin is 2.3 kg, yield per 667 m2 is 2 850 kg. The whole growth period is about 180 days. It has strong resistance to humidity, heat and disease. It is suitable for cultivation in these areas with an altitude of 1 500-2 200 m and the temperature of 15-30 ℃ in Yunnan province.

Key words: Pumpkin; New variety;  ‘Yuntui

1 育種目标

南瓜具有种类繁多、五彩缤纷、功能全面、用途多样等特性,在许多蔬菜种类中,能与其媲美者实属罕见[1-2]。同时,南瓜集食品、营养品、保健于一身的特性,具有人体生活所需的18种氨基酸,越来越受到消费者的青睐[3],但在云南省关于南瓜的理论研究、品种选育、新品种引进及配套栽培技术等方面研究甚少。因此,笔者制定了育种目标:选育出丰产、品质优良,同时,适宜云南立体气候、复杂多样土壤类型生长的南瓜新品种。选育适宜当地优良南瓜品种,对促进云南脱贫攻坚、高原特色农业、乡村振兴以及云南南瓜产业发展,具有重要意义。

2 选育过程

2.1 亲本来源及特征

笔者开展云南地方南瓜资源遗传多样性及亲缘关系分析过程中,发现优异地方种质资源‘陆良长南瓜,属中国南瓜类型,茎长4~5 m,瓜呈柱形,特细长,近瓜蒂端平,瓜顶凸,瓜面无纵棱,嫩瓜皮色绿,有条块斑纹,斑纹浅绿;商品瓜横切面为圆形;老瓜皮色姜黄,有粉;嫩瓜肉淡绿色,老瓜肉黄色。……

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