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白色花椰菜花球变紫前后花青素含量变化分析

2020-05-21姚星伟牛国保陈存坤

中国瓜菜 2020年4期

姚星伟 牛国保 陈存坤

摘 要: 花椰菜生产过程中,花球采收期前后极易呈现紫色,对花椰菜生产和销售造成严重影响。为了明确花球变紫前后花青素含量差异,采用植物花青素酶联免疫方法测定了花球变紫前后花青素含量。试验结果表明,白色花椰菜花球变紫前花青素含量(w,后同)为(1 599.81±138.78) ng·g-1;变紫后花球花青素含量为(2 709.54±224.78)~(2 904.95±205.41) ng·g-1;对照紫色花椰菜花青素含量为(5 069.82±292.00) ng·g-1,各处理间花青素含量差异达到显著水平。花球变紫前后花青素含量变化显著。

关键词: 花椰菜; 花青素含量; 花球变紫

中图分类号:S635.3   文献标志码:A   文章编号:1673-2871(2020)04-060-04

Abstract: During the cultivation process of cauliflower, it is easy to appear purple before and after the curd harvesting period, which has a serious impact on the production and marketing of cauliflower. In order to determine the difference of anthocyanin content before and after the purple change of the curd, the anthocyanin content before and after the purple change of the curd was determined by ELISA method. The result showed that the anthocyanins content in non-purple cauliflower was (1 599.81±138.78) ng·g-1;the anthocyanins content in becoming purple cauliflower was (2 709.54±224.78)-(2904.95±205.41) ng·g-1; the anthocyanins content in purple cauliflower was (5 069.82±292.00) ng·g-1, the difference of anthocyanin content between different treatments reached a significant level. The anthocyanin content changed significantly before and after the curd became purple.

Key words: Cauliflower; Anthocyanins content; Curd with purple phenomenon

花椰菜又名花菜、菜花、白菜花,是十字花科蕓薹属甘蓝种的一个变种。由于味道鲜美、口感甜脆、营养丰富,同时具有抗癌防癌的保健功能,因此深受广大消费者的喜爱[1-3]。花椰菜生产中经常出现的一个很严重的问题,即在花椰菜采收期前后,一些花球表面会出现球面变紫的现象,虽然花球变紫食用时对人身体没有伤害,却非常影响花球的美观,从而直接影响花椰菜的生产和销售。正常花球收购价格一般为 1.5~2.0元·kg-1,但是一旦花球变紫将完全失去商品价值,严重影响农民种植效益。

研究表明,随着蔬菜颜色逐渐加深,花青素含量逐渐升高[4]。有学者比较了白花椰菜和紫色花椰菜中花青素的含量变化,发现紫色花椰菜花青素含量比白色花椰菜高,白色花椰菜中花青素含量极低甚至检测不到,由此可见,花青素含量的差异是花球呈现不同颜色的主要原因[4-6]。……

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