红河州凝冻天气预报预警系统
2020-05-19叶文群刘佳
叶文群 刘佳


摘要 通过实地考察、历史统计等确定凝冻天气多发易发点,然后进行区划分级,分别建立预报方程,做出凝冻天气预报。包括以下几个方面的内容:确定凝冻天气多发易发点,并进行区划;找出不同凝冻天气等级的温度临界值; 选取凝冻天气预报因子,建立预报方程;在实践中检验,对预报方程作进一步的订正;建立基本信息数据库以及凝冻天气预报预警发布平台。
关键词 凝冻;预报方程;区划分级;预报因子
中图分类号:P426.63 文献标识码:A 文章编号:2095-3305(2020)02-119-02
DOI: 10.19383/j.cnki.nyzhyj.2020.02.047
Early Warning System of Freezing Weather Forecast in Honghe Prefecture
YE Wen-qun et al(Honghe Prefecture Meteorological Bureau, Mengzi,Yunnan 661100)
Abstract Through field investigation and historical statistics,the freezing weather forecast and early warning system determined the prone points of freezing weather,and then divided the areas into different levels,established forecast equations respectively,and made the freezing weather forecast. It mainly included the following aspects: determining the prone points of freezing weather and zoning; finding out the critical value of temperature of different freezing weather grades; selecting the factors of freezing weather forecast and establishing the forecast equation; testing in practice,further revising the forecast equation; establishing the basic information database and the platform of freezing weather forecast and early warning release.
Key words Freezing;Prediction equ-ation;Division and classification;Prediction factor
在冬季風盛行时,北方南下冷空气加强西南准静止锋,云南红河州特别是州东部地区容易降温降雨,当地面温度低于0℃时,降水在及地前成为过冷却雨滴,进而形成了东部山区常见的气象灾害凝冻。凝冻也称冻雨,是红河州冬季的灾害性天气之一。严重的凝冻天气可破坏有线通讯、影响电力输送、中断交通运输、冻死牲畜、冻坏农作物等,因此做好凝冻天气的研究和预报预警,对提前采取相应措施、做好防范工作具有很好的指导意义。
1 凝冻时空分布特征分析
根据凝冻天气发生的程度和频次,将红河州133个乡镇按凝冻天气易发程度分为极易发生区、较易发生区、易发生区、不易发生区4个分区。由图1可以看出,红河州约85%的地区会发生凝冻灾害,北部、东部地区重于西部、南部地区。
1.1 凝冻天气极易发生区
通过统计分析,从区域上看泸西、弥勒是凝冻天气发生频次较高的地区,发生频次占全州60%以上。……
