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发酵型槐花茶酒的制作工艺优化

2020-05-13张永瑞

湖南农业科学 2020年3期

张永瑞

摘 要:发酵型槐花茶酒是利用茶叶、槐花的浸提液和糯米、酵母拌在一起进行密封发酵而得到的茶酒。以绿茶、刺槐花为原料,设计单因素试验研究了发酵方式、酒曲种类、茶花比、茶水比、发酵时间等对茶酒发酵的影响。结果表明:最佳发酵工艺为纯汁发酵,酒曲选择安琪白酒曲,茶花比为1∶3,茶水比为1∶50,发酵温度28℃,发酵时间7 d。在此条件下得到的茶酒呈黄色,澄清明亮有光泽,稍有沉淀物,酒香浓郁,口感醇厚,酒精度13.5%,糖度5%,pH值4.0。对茶酒稳定性的研究结果表明,茶酒的生物学稳定性较差,应低温保存。

关键词:发酵型茶酒;刺槐花;工艺优化;酒精度;稳定性

中图分类号:TS261.4  文献标识码:A文章编号:1006-060X(2020)03-0067-04

Abstract: Fermented false acacia  flower tea wine is produced from sealed fermentation by mixing the extracts of green tea and false acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia) flower with glutinous rice and yeast. Using green tea and false acacia flower as raw materials, a single factor experiment was designed to study the effects of fermentation methods, liquor starter types, tea-flower ratio, tea-water ratio and fermentation time on the fermentation of tea wine. The optimal technological parameters are as follows: tea-flower ratio 1∶3, tea-water ratio 1∶50, angel liquor starter, pure juice fermentation for 7 days at 28℃. The obtained tea wine is clear, bright and lustrous in yellow colour with slight precipitate, rich in bouquet, mellow in taste, of 13.5% alcohol content, 5% sugar content and 4.0 pH value. The research results of the stability of tea wine show that tea wine is poor in the biological stability and should be preserved at low temperature.

Key words: fermented tea wine; false acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia) flower; optimization of processing; alcoholicity; stability

我國茶酒的研制与加工始于20世纪40年代。发酵型茶酒是以茶叶为原料,人工添加糖和酵母,在一定条件下发酵制成。糯米是一种传统的优质酿酒原料,它富含维生素、淀粉、纤维素等对人体有益的成分[1-2]。以糯米制作茶酒可同时满足人们对健康、口感和营养的追求。目前,已报到的茶酒种类很多,包括甘蔗茶酒、苹果茶酒、桂花茶酒、番石榴茶酒、竹叶茶酒等,在茶酒的发酵过程中,茶叶的浸提液浓度、酵母量、发酵温度、发酵时间、是否带渣发酵等均会影响茶酒的品质[3-8]。

我国刺槐树多,产花量大,花香迷人[9]。槐花可食用,也可药用,具有清热、凉血、降压的功效,然而槐花的利用率并不高[10]。目前,刺槐花的研究主要集中在生化、香气成分分析、药用价值、饮料的研制等方面[11-15],发酵型槐花茶酒的研制尚未见报道。……

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