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有机硅型杂化乳液的制备及其在棉织物防水整理中的应用

2020-05-04李伟翔易玲敏钟申洁左甜

现代纺织技术 2020年4期

李伟翔 易玲敏 钟申洁 左甜

摘 要:为解决目前的含氟防水整理剂大多含有PFOA或PFOS类持久性污染物的问题,设计制备了一种环保型无氟有机硅织物整理剂。将KH-570改性后的SiO2纳米粒子与有机硅大分子单体、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯等通过细乳液聚合,制备不同SiO2含量的有机硅型杂化乳液。采用动态光散射(DLS)、视频接触角张力仪(CAM)和台式扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究乳液的粒径、乳胶膜的表面能、棉织物整理后的疏水性能。结果表明:通过细乳液聚合的方法,可成功得到乳胶粒粒径为120~130 nm、稳定的有机硅杂化乳液,且乳胶膜的表面能可达21.34~21.80 mN/m,棉织物整理后具有良好的防水性能和耐水洗性能。

关键词:织物整理剂;有机硅;细乳液聚合;表面能;防水性能

Abstract:To solve the problem that fluorine-containing fabric finishing agent contains perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) or perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) persistent pollutants in most cases, an environmental-friendly fluorine-free silicone-type fabric finishing agent was designed and prepared in this study. Silicone-type hybrid emulsions with different SiO2 contents were prepared by miniemulsion polymerization of KH-570-modified SiO2 nanoparticles with organosilicone macromonomers, methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate. The particle size of the emulsion, the surface energy of the thin film of latex and the hydrophobic properties of the finished cotton fabric were studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS), contact angle measurement (CAM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that silicone-type hybrid emulsion with particle size of 120~130 nm and good stability can be obtained by means of miniemulsion, the surface energy of latex film could reach 21.34~21.80 mN/m, and the cotton fabrics finished by the latex show good hydrophobic properties and good washing fastness.

Key words:fabric finishing agent; organosilicone; miniemulsion polymerization; surface energy; water-repellent property

生活中,人們对于部分服用纺织品常常有防水的要求,这使得与之相关的防水整理剂的研究受到广泛关注[1-2]。含氟类的整理剂由于含氟基团具有极低的表面能这一特殊性质,使之具有优良的防水性能而备受研究者青睐[3-4]。然而,目前所用的很多含氟整理剂含有全氟辛基磺酰化合物(PFOS)或全氟辛酸类化合物(PFOA)等持久性污染物,易在生物体内沉积、难降解、对人体及其他生物有害,鉴于此,寻找和开发无氟防水产品和防水技术迫在眉睫,以研究出新的替代产品应用于市场[5-6]。

有机硅因具有低表面张力、链段柔性好、易于铺展等优点而被广泛应用于织物整理,可以提高织物表面的光泽度、织物的弹性,使得织物具有一定的防皱、防污和耐磨性能,加之有机硅的无毒、不污染环境,使有机硅类的织物整理剂在棉、毛、丝、麻与化纤领域得到广泛的应用[7-9]。……

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