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基于VMD-Hilbert边际谱能量熵和SVM的高压断路器机械故障诊断

2020-04-22杨秋玉阮江军黄道春邱志斌庄志坚

电机与控制学报 2020年3期
关键词:支持向量机

杨秋玉 阮江军 黄道春 邱志斌 庄志坚

摘 要:针对高压断路器分、合闸动作过程中产生的振动信号持续时间短暂及强烈的非线性非平稳性,导致的特征提取困难问题,提出一种变分模态分解(VMD)-希尔伯特(Hilbert)边际谱能量熵,及支持向量机(SVM)的高压断路器振动信号组合特征提取和机械故障诊断方法。采用VMD对高压断路器振动信号进行分解,得到一系列反映振动信号局部特性的本征模态函数(IMF);对IMF进行Hilbert变换,并求取对高压断路器机械状态变化敏感的Hilbert边际谱能量熵作为特征向量;将特征向量输入到SVM分类器,实现高压断路器机械故障的智能诊断。试验结果表明:该方法能够准确识别高压断路器的常见机械故障类型,具有一定的工程应用价值。

关键词:高压断路器;变分模态分解;希尔伯特边际谱;能量熵;支持向量机;机械故障识别

DOI:10.15938/j.emc.2020.03.002

中图分类号:TM 561文献标志码:A文章編号:1007-449X(2020)03-0011-09

Abstract:In this paper, a feature extraction method and fault diagnosis for high voltage circuit breakers (HVCBs) is presented and discussed. The vibration signals are nonlinear and timevarying since the complicated structure and extremely fast operation of HVCBs, which makes the extraction and selection of sensitive features for fault diagnosis difficult. Therefore, it is of vital importance to explore a new vibration feature extraction algorithm to improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis for HVCBs. A combination feature extraction method based on variational mode decomposition (VMD) and Hilbert marginal spectrum energy entropy, and support vector machine (SVM) for the diagnosis of HVCBs mechanical condition is presented and clearly discussed. Vibration signals were decomposed into several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) by using VMD. Marginal spectral energy entropies of IMFs (which vary with different fault types of HVCB) were obtained and served as feature vectors for the SVM classifier for the diagnosis of HVCB. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method can accurately identify the common mechanical faults of HVCB and has potential of practical application.

Keywords:high voltage circuit breakers; variational mode decomposition; Hilbert marginal spectrum; energy entropy; support vector machine; mechanical fault detection

0 引 言

高压断路器的可靠性对于保障电力系统的安全稳定运行具有重要的作用。运行实践表明,机械故障是导致高压断路器故障的主要原因。近年来,对高压断路器机械故障诊断的研究越来越多,一些研究成果也已用于实际工程,其中,基于振动信号的高压断路器机械故障诊断技术越来越受到人们的关注[1-3]。

高压断路器分、合闸动作时产生的振动信号蕴含着丰富、重要的高压断路器状态信息[4-6]。由于高压断路器动作时间极短(常常是几十毫秒)、各运动件之间强烈碰撞冲击等特点质,使得其振动信号具有时域时间短、频域分布宽、强烈的非线性非平稳性。所以,一方面,对传感器的性能提出了更高的要求:传感器必须具有足够高的采样精确度,且频响范围及量程应足够大;另一方面,对振动信号的处理也提出了更高的要求,传统的信号处理方法不能有效提取高压断路器这种具有强冲击时变特性振动信号的关键信息。

针对高压断路器振动信号的特殊性,时频分析方法无疑是较适合的,因此,越来越多的时频分析方法被用于分析高压断路器的振动信号。如小波变换[7-9]、经验模态分解[10-12](empirical mode decomposition,EMD)。实际上,小波变换的本质还是一种傅里叶变换,存在信号能量泄漏、基函数选择等问题,且不具备自适应性。EMD是一种可以根据信号自身特点进行自适应多分辨率分解的信号分析方法,但其在分解过程中容易产生模态混叠、本征模态函数(intrinsic mode function,IMF)筛分停止条件和端点效应等问题[13-14]。而变分模态分解[15-17](variational mode decomposition,VMD)通过寻找约束变分模型最优解实现信号的分解,各IMF分量中心频率和带宽不断交替迭代更新,实现信号频带的自适应分解。VMD方法克服了EMD方法的诸多缺陷(如模态混叠等),大大提高信号分解的准确性。振动信号经VMD处理得到一系列反映振动信号局部特性的本征模态函数(IMF);IMF通过希尔伯特(Hilbert)变换可更有效、更真实地获得振动信号中所含的重要信息,即Hilbert谱(Hilbert谱可精确地描述信号幅值在整个频段上随时间和频率的变化规律)。

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(編辑:贾志超)

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