仇键 校现周 高宏华 杨文凤 魏芳 吴明 罗世巧

摘  要：本研究以中齡PR107和热研7-33-97橡胶树为研究对象，设割胶前1、2、3、4、5 d涂施乙烯利的5个刺激时间处理，比较不同处理的胶乳产量;以d4（4天1刀）割制为对照，中龄PR107和热研7-33-97分别设6个刺激强度的d6（6天1刀）割制处理，包括4个乙烯利浓度以及最高浓度下的3个涂药周期，比较分析不同处理的产量、胶乳生理及死皮病发生情况。结果表明：周期最后1刀的第2天或周期第1刀的前2～3 d进行涂施乙烯，刺激效果良好，可获得较好的胶乳产量。中龄PR107进行d6割胶的产胶潜力很难通过适度刺激挖掘出来，采用4%乙烯利，2～3刀周期涂药的刺激策略可获得相对较好的产量效应及生理效应。热研7-33-97对d6割制适应性较好，采用2～3刀周期涂施2.0%～2.5%乙烯利的低刺激强度技术措施，可获得了良好的产量，且胶乳生理参数反应良好。此外，d6割制的高产期单株刀次产占全年产量的3.0%～4.8%之间，确保高产期的割胶刀数是保证d6割制产量的关键。

关键词：橡胶树;品系PR107;热研7-33-97;“6天1刀”割制;刺激技术

中图分类号：S794.1      文献标识码：A

Stimulation Technology and Adaptability of d6 Tapping System for Mid-aged Hevea Clone PR107 and Reyan 7-33-97

QIU Jian， XIAO Xianzhou， GAO Honghua， YANG Wenfeng， WEI Fang， WU Ming， LUO Shiqiao*

Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops / Rubber Research Institute， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences， Haikou， Hainan 571101， China

Abstract： Taking middle-aged PR107 and Reyan 7-33-97 as the research objects， treatment with five stimulation time （1， 2， 3， 4， 5 d before tapping） was set up， and the effects on the latex yield under the d6 tapping system were compared. The d4 tapping system was used as the control， and six treatment of the d6 tapping system with different stimulation intensity （including four concentrations of ethephon and three simulation frequencies under the highest concentration） was set up on the middle-aged PR107 and Reyan 7-33-97. The yield， latex physiology and the occurrence of TPD were analyzed. The optimal latex yield was obtained when ethephon was applied on the 2nd day after the last tapping or the 2nd to 3rd day of the first tapping in one stimulation cycle. The rubber-producing potential of the d6 tapping for middle-aged PR107 was difficult to be exploited through moderate stimulation. The stimulation strategy of 4% ethephon combined with 2 or 3 tapping intervals of stimulation frequency was able to obtain relatively good yield and physiological effects. While the d6 tapping system was practical in Reyan 7-33-97， the low stimulation intensity of 2.0%2.5% ethephon combined with 2 or 3 tapping intervals of stimulation frequency could achieve a high yield， and maintain a good physiological response of laticifer. Annual variation of dry rubber yield （kilogram per tree per tapping， kg/t/t） showed that the d6 tapping system had an obvious high-yielding period （after Oct.） and the mean dry rubber yield （kg/t/t） in high-yielding months accounted for 3.0% to 4.8% of the annual production. Therefore， to ensure the tapping number in high yield period is key for a stable yield of the d6 tapping system.

Keywords： Hevea brasiliensis; clone PR107; Reyan 7-33-97; d6 tapping system; stimulation technology

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.03.008

巴西橡胶树（Hevea brasiliensis，以下简称橡胶树）为大戟科橡胶树属的落叶乔木，是重要的热带经济林树种，其在我国的种植面积约116.67万hm2，主要分布于海南、云南、广东等热区[1]。与其他作物不同，橡胶树采用连续且有节律的割胶来收获胶乳，割胶劳动力投入占天然橡胶生产60%～70%以上，割胶效率高低直接关系到橡胶树种植业的整体效益[2]。基于乙烯利刺激的低频采胶是国内外橡胶树高效采胶的主流技术，我国现行技术主要为d4（4天1刀）割制。……