周旻 何秀芬 董存柱 葛会林

摘  要：為分析苯醚甲环唑和噻呋酰胺在香蕉上的残留消解行为和膳食摄入风险，于2016年在云南进行了规范残留试验，研究了全蕉、蕉肉和土壤中的消解过程并进行了长期膳食暴露风险评估。结果表明：苯醚甲环唑标准曲线线性方程为y=1.45107x+4.14104，R2=0.9962;噻呋酰胺标准曲线线性方程为y=2.99106x+1.43104，R2=0.9954。在0.04～ 1 mg/kg添加水平下，苯醚甲环唑的平均回收率为75%～110%，相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.9%～6.2%;噻呋酰胺的平均回收率为76%～114%，RSD为3.0%～9.5%。苯醚甲环唑与噻呋酰胺在土壤、全蕉、蕉肉中的最低检测浓度（LOQ）均为0.04 mg/kg，最小检出量（LOD）均为5 pg。苯醚甲环唑和噻呋酰胺的消解基本符合一级动力学方程，苯醚甲环唑在全蕉和土壤中的半衰期分别为16、20 d，噻呋酰胺在全蕉和土壤中的半衰期分别为20、27 d。风险评估研究表明，香蕉中残留苯醚甲环唑长期膳食摄入风险可以接受，而噻呋酰胺长期膳食摄入则具有一定的风险。

关键词：香蕉;苯醚甲环唑;噻呋酰胺;超高效液相色谱串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）;残留消解;风险评估

中图分类号：X839.2        文献标识码：A

Dissipation， Residues and Dietary Risk Assessment of Difenoconazole and Thifluzamide in Banana

ZHOU Min1，2， HE Xiufen2， DONG Cunzhu1， GE Huilin2*

1. College of Plant Protection， Hainan University， Haikou， Hainan 570228， China; 2. Analysis and Testing Center， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables， Haikou， Hainan 571101， China

Abstract： A supervised residue trial was carried out in Yunnan in 2016 to study the digestion process of difenoconazole and thifluzamide in banana fruit， banana flesh and soil to analyze the residual digestion behavior and dietary intake risk in banana. The risk of long-term dietary exposure in China was assessed. The results showed that the linear equation of the standard curve of difenoconazole was y=1.45107x+4.14104， R2=0.9962， and that of thifluzamide was y=2.99 106x+1.43104， R2=0.9954. At the level of 0.04–1 mg/kg， the average recovery of difenoconazole was 75%–110%， and the relative standard deviation （RSD） was 0.9%–6.2%， while the average recovery of thifluzamide was 76%–114%， and RSD was 3.0%–9.5%. The limit of quantification （LOQ） of difenoconazole and thifluzamide in soil， banana fruit and banana flesh was 0.04 mg/kg， and the limit of detection （LOD） was 5 pg. The digestion of difenoconazole and thifluzamide was basically in accordance with the first-order kinetic equation. The half-life of difenoconazole in banana fruit and soil was 16 and 20 days， and the half-life of thifluzamide in banana fruit and soil was 20 and 27 days. Risk assessments indicated that the long-term dietary intake risk of difenoconazole in banana was acceptable， while thifluzamide had a certain long-term dietary risk.

Keywords： banana; difenoconazole; thifluzamide; ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS）; residue and dissipation; risk assessment

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.03.024

香蕉是重要的经济作物，是全球销量最大的水果。我国是香蕉第2大生产国、第1大消费国[1]。苯醚甲环唑与噻呋酰胺混用可用于防治香蕉叶斑病。苯醚甲环唑属三唑类杀菌剂，是甾醇脱甲基化抑制剂，具有高效、广谱、低毒、用量低的特点，其内吸性极强，通过抑制麦角甾醇（构成细胞膜的重要成分，对细胞膜的渗透性起重要作用）的生物合成，破坏细胞膜结构功能，从而达到杀菌目的[2]。噻呋酰胺是由美国孟山都公司开发的噻唑酰胺类杀菌剂，具有用量少、毒性低、药效高、内吸传导性强和持效性长等特性，对致病真菌有良好活性[3]。……