王军 段瑞军 黄圣卓 洪少友 梅文莉 戴好富

摘  要：报道了西沙群岛4种植物[水芫花（Pemphis acidula）、海人树（Suriana maritima）、海岸桐（Guettarda speciosa）和银毛树（Tournefortia argentea）]的木材解剖学特征，为其木材识别、系统分类及植物保育等方面研究提供依据。采用数码显微的方法，对4种植物树皮、木材宏观及微观构造进行观测。结果表明：水芫花、海人树、海岸桐树皮呈褐色，管孔分布类型为散孔材;银毛树树皮呈银白色，管孔分布类型为散孔材至半环孔材。水芫花和海人树的木材质地较重硬，髓部较小;海岸桐和银毛树的木材质地較轻软，髓部较大。4种植物木材导管分子长度均较短，不超过800 μm。水芫花、海人树和海岸桐管孔组合以径列复管孔为主，银毛树则以管孔团为主。银毛树的轴向薄壁组织最为发达，并具有小型导管。水芫花木射线同形单列为主;海人树和海岸桐的木射线为异型II型，2列至4列为主，常同一射线内出现2～3次多列部分;银毛树以同形多列为主。

关键词：水芫花;海人树;海岸桐;银毛树;木材解剖学研究

中图分类号：Q944      文献标识码：A

Wood Anatomy Research of Four Plants in Xisha Islands

WANG Jun1，2， DUAN Ruijun1，2， HUANG Shengzhuo1，2， HONG Shaoyou1，2， MEI Wenli1，2， DAI Haofu1，2*

1. Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops， Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs， Haikou， Hainan 571101， China; 2. Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Products from Li Folk Medicine， Haikou， Hainan 571101， China

Abstract： The anatomical characteristics of the wood of Pemphis acidula， Suriana maritima， Guettarda speciosa and Tournefortia argentea above in Xisha Islands were reported. The macrostructure and microstructure of the wood and bark of the plants were observed by the method of digital microscopy. The bark of P. acidula， S. maritima and G. speciosa was brown and the pore distribution type was diffuss-porous. The bark of T. argentea was silver white and the pore distribution type was diffuss-porous to semi-ring porous. The wood of P. acidula and S. maritima was the heaviest and hardest， and the pith was the smallest. while the wood of G. speciosa and T. argentea was the lightest and softest. The length of vessel of the four plants were short， less than 800 μm. Vessel grouping of P. acidula， S. maritima and G. speciosa was mainly composed of radial multiple pore， and that for T. argentea was pore cluster. The axial parenchyma was best developed and had some small vessels. The wood ray of P. acidula was mostly homogeneous uniseriate， that of S. maritima and G. speciosa was heterogeneous II type， mostly two to four series， frequent occurrence 23 times of multiseriate parts in the same ray; and that of T. argentea was mostly homogeneous multiseriate.

Keywords： Pemphis acidula; Suriana maritima; Guettarda speciosa; Tournefortia argentea; wood anatomy research

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.03.025

西沙群岛海域具有丰富的自然资源和重要的战略地位，其植物和植被资源调查与研究一直是植物学、生态学、林学、农学及地理学工作者关注的问题之一[1-2]。历史上，我国植物学家对西沙群岛的植物进行过多次调查[3-7]，研究的内容主要集中在植物调查、植物多样性、区系地理等方面。

千屈菜科（Lythraceae）水芫花属（Pemphis J. R. Forster & G. Forster）全世界有1种，即水芫花（P. acidula J. R. Forster & G. Forster），其又名海芙蓉，生长于热带砂质海岸、红树林入口處，分布于东半球热带海岸[从东非西部横跨印度洋到太平洋中的马绍尔群岛，北至日本（琉球群岛）][8]，曾在我国的西沙群岛中的金银岛、东岛、晋卿岛、琛航岛[6]及海南岛文昌清澜[4-5]有记录。……