莫雪蕊 陈君超 金铭

[摘要] 灸法是中医的重要组成部分，有良好的临床疗效。艾烟的安全性及其对人体健康的潜在影响仍存在争议。本文对近十年艾烟安全性的研究进行综述，发现高浓度的艾烟会污染空气，一定浓度范围内的艾烟对疾病的治疗是安全的，艾烟对长期暴露于艾烟环境下的人体是否有害尚未形成定论，动物毒理和艾烟提取物干扰细胞实验显示艾烟的毒副作用和浓度有关。因此，关于艾烟临床安全性的研究还需要进行大样本、长期随访的调查研究。

[关键词] 艾灸;艾烟;针灸;安全性;综述

[中图分类号] R245.81          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1673-7210（2020）02（c）-0023-04

[Abstract] Moxibustion， among therapies of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， has a good clinical efficacy. There remains controversy over the safety of moxa smoke and its potential effects on human health. This artical reviewed the research on safety of moxibustion in recent ten years. It indicated that high concentration of moxa smoke would pollute the air and certain concentration range of moxa smoke was safe for the treatment of diseases. While the harm of moxa smoke environment on long-term exposure to the human body was unclear. In some animal toxicology tests and cell experiments of extract from moxa smoke showed that the toxic side effects of moxa smoke were related to the concentration of moxa smoke. However， the clinical safety of moxa smoke needed to be investigate and study with large sample and long-term follow-up.

[Key words] Moxibustion; Moxa smoke; Acupuncture; Safety; Review

灸法是中医的重要组成部分，也是针灸治疗的重要手段之一，在临床上有独特的应用价值。艾灸具有温经散寒、疏通经络、扶阳固脱、升阳举陷的作用，可以用于镇痛、改善体液循环、调整脏腑功能、调节机体代谢、延缓机体衰老等，在防病保健方面也效果突出[1]。傳统艾灸疗法通过燃烧艾叶，用温热刺激经络穴位或病痛部位来发挥治疗保健作用。艾在燃烧过程中会产生烟雾，易造成空气污染，其对于医患人员的安全性也不明确，故艾烟成为传统艾灸推广的主要限制因素[2]。本文检索近十年有关传统艾灸艾烟安全性的文献报道，结合灸法的应用现状，对艾灸艾烟安全性进行如下5个方面综述：

1 艾烟成分和有害成分分析

艾的主要有效成分是挥发油类物质，艾的燃烧产物主要包含挥发性成分和颗粒物[3]。……