冉生斌 刘建华 尚永红 郝建全

摘要：在甘南州高海拔地区研究了海拔高度和密度对饲用甜菜品种甜饲2号生物学性状的影响，结果表明，海拔高度与饲用甜菜生长势、发病率和产量均呈负相关。种植密度对饲用甜菜生育前期生长势的影响不明显，生育后期生长势、单根重和产量均随种植密度的增加呈先增加后减小的趋势。在同一海拔下，种植密度7.5万株/hm2的产量均高于其他处理，较种植密度4.5万株/hm2处理分别增产30.29%（海拔2 737 m）和19.35%（海拔3 040 m）。由效应方程可得，在甘南州海拔  2 700 m左右的地区饲用甜菜的最佳种植密度为7.43万株/hm2，海拔3 000 m左右的地区最佳种植密度为7.81万株/hm2。

关键词：高海拔;密度;饲用甜菜;生物学性状;产量

中图分类号：S566.3       文献标志码：A       文章编号：1001-1463（2020）02-0065-05

Abstract：The experiment was set up to study the effects of the altitude localities and plant density on the biological characteristics of forage sweet corn cultivar Tiansi 2 in the high altitude 2 737 m and 3 040 m area of Gannan. The results showed that it was negatively correlated between the altitude and the growth potential， plants incidence and the yield of forage beet. The effect of planting density on growth potential was not obvious. The growth potential， single root weight and yield increased with the planting density firstly and then decreased in later stage. Compared with 45 000 plants/m2 treatment and 60 000 plants/m2 treatment， the yield of 75 000 plants/m2 treatment was higher at the same altitude. The yield under 75 000 plants/m2 treatment increased by 30.29%（2 737 m） and 19.35%（3 040 m）， respectively. By the equation to be seen that the optimal planting density of forage beet was 74 300 plant/hm2 in the area about altitude 2 700 m in Gannan， and 78 100 plant/hm2 in the altitude 3 000 m. In conclusion， we can obtain the higher by increasing plant density.

Key words：High altitude;Density;Beta vulgaris;Biological character;Yield

饲用甜菜是一种高品质、高产量的新鲜多汁饲料作物，具有耐旱、耐盐碱、适应性强、抗逆性强、高产、营养丰富等特点。鲜叶及块根产量达180～300 t/hm2，块根中除含有蔗糖外，还含有蛋白质、纤维素、维生素、脂肪、矿物质等营养物质，尤其是所含的甜菜碱可以促进脂肪代谢，抑制脂肪沉积，改善饲料的适口性，提高饲料的利用率和动物免疫力[1 ]。饲用甜菜在藏羊上的饲喂研究结果表明，采食率与燕麦相当，达到70%以上;饲用甜菜茎叶、块根在藏羊瘤胃内的消化率，茎叶为88%，块根达90%[2 ]。在奶牛日粮中添加饲用甜菜，每頭奶牛日产奶量增加1.22～2.70 kg[3 - 7 ]。因此，饲用甜菜是奶牛、猪、肉牛、羊、兔以及其他草食经济动物优良的多汁饲料。

甘南州是全国10个藏族自治州之一，也是甘肃省的主要牧区和畜产品生产基地之一，畜牧业是全州国民经济的支柱产业和特色产业。……