程万莉 王淑英 赵刚 樊廷录

摘要：以兰州新区典型温室盐碱化土壤为研究对象，系统深入的研究了施用茶渣生物有机肥对温室盐碱土壤的影响。结果表明：与单施化肥相比，施用有机肥处理的土壤pH均有所下降，其中全量施用有机肥处理下降最大，下降幅度由大到小依次为全量施用有机肥、半量施用有机肥和有机无机肥配施处理，降幅在1.68%～7.14%。与单施化肥相比，施用茶渣有机肥降低了土壤的碱化度，全量施有机肥由中度碱化土变为轻度碱化土。有机无机肥配施、全量施用有机肥和半量施用有机肥处理不同土层平均盐分含量分别为2.26、2.13、2.32 g/kg，均低于单施化肥处理的2.61 g/kg，表明施用有机肥可降低土壤盐分含量，其中全量施用有机肥处理降盐效果最佳。在0～40 cm土层，阴离子以NO3- 和SO42-为主，其中全量施用有机肥处理含量最低;阳离子以Ca2+ 和Na+为主，有机无机肥配施处理含量最低。综上所述，茶渣生物有机肥对盐碱化土壤有良好的改良作用。

关键词：茶渣生物有机肥;温室;盐碱土;土壤改良

中图分类号：S156.4        文献标志码：A        文章编号：1001-1463（2020）02-0049-06

Abstract：In this study， the typical salinization greenhouse in lanzhou new area was taken as the research object， and the influence of application of bioorganic fertilizer of tea residue on salinization soil in lanzhou new area was studied systematically and deeply. The results showed that compared with the single application chemical fertilizer treatment（CF）， the pH value of full apply organic fertilizer treatment（OF） soil treated with organic fertilizer decreased， among which the total application OF treatment decreased the most. The decrease range is from large to small was OF treatment， apply half as much organic fertilizer treatment（HF） and Combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer treatment（MF）， which was 1.68%～7.14%. Compared with CF treatment， the application of tea residue organic fertilizer reduced the degree of alkalinization of soil， and OF treatment changed from moderate alkalinized soil to mild alkalinized soil. The average salt content in different soil layers treated with MF treatment， OF treatment and HF treatment  was 2.26 g/kg， 2.13 g/kg and 2.32 g/kg， respectively， lower than 2.61 g/kg treated with CF treatment， indicating that the application of organic fertilizer could reduce the soil salt content， among which OF treatment had the best effect of reducing salt. The anions are mainly NO3- and SO42-， among which the content of OF treatment is the lowest in the 0～40 cm soil layer. The cations were mainly Ca2+ and Na+， and the content of MF treatment was the lowest. In conclusion， the bioorganic fertilizer of tea residue has a good effect on the improvement of salinized soil.

Key words：Tea residue biological organic fertilizer;Greenhouse;Saline-alkali soils;Soil improvement

鹽碱土是指阴阳离子含量失衡的土壤。灌溉后土壤水分蒸发增强，盐随水动，使作物根层抑制的部分盐分离子重新积累于土壤表层，加剧盐碱程度[1 - 4 ]。兰州新区规划现代农业和生态建设示范220 km2，然而，该区干旱缺水，建设过程中依靠引大入秦工程引水漫灌，加之特殊的地形地貌和成土母质导致土壤在沉积过程中积累了大量的可溶性无机盐，导致土壤盐碱化[5 - 7 ]。……