郭强 刘铁斌 韩坤鹏

摘      要：加氢装置能耗是各炼油企业的一个重要经济指标，节能降耗是降低企业经营成本的重要途径。对渣油加氢装置开工后能耗特点进行了分析，通过执行加氢渣油热直供料方案，停用加氢渣油空冷全部电机，节省电能;制定加热炉余热回收调整方案，将加热炉效率提高至93.0%;优化换热流程，提升原料油预热温度，降低燃料气消耗;增大排放废氢量，调整循环气量和循环机负荷，降低中压蒸汽用量等，有效地降低了装置能耗，实际能耗比设计能耗降低5%～10%。

关  键  词：渣油加氢;能耗;节能;优化

中图分类号：TE 624. 4+31       文献标识码： B       文章编号：1671-0460（2020）02-0493-04

Abstract： Energy consumption of hydrogenation unit is an important economic index of refineries， and energy saving is an important way to reduce operating costs of enterprises. In this paper， the characteristics of energy consumption after the start-up of residue hydrodesulphurization （RDS） unit were analyzed. By implementing the scheme of direct thermal feeding of the hydrogenated residue， all the air cooler motors were stopped to save electricity. The adjustment plan for waste heat recovery of heating furnace was formulated to raise the efficiency of heating furnace to 93.0%. Optimizing the heat transfer process improved the preheating temperature of raw oil and reduced fuel consumption. By increasing the amount of discharged hydrogen， adjusting the circulating gas flow rate and the load of the recycle gas compressor， and reducing the medium pressure steam consumption， the energy consumption of the unit was effectively reduced， and the actual energy consumption was reduced by 5%～10% compared with the design energy consumption.

Key words：RDS; energy consumption; energy saving; optimization

400萬t/a渣油加氢脱硫装置采用CLG公司的固定床渣油加氢脱硫工艺技术，于2017年8月开工投产，2019年2月底开始单系列停工换剂。渣油加氢装置是以常减压装置生产的重蜡油和常、减渣油为原料，通过加氢反应，脱除金属、硫、氮等杂质，降低残炭值，为后续的催化裂化、汽柴油改质等装置提供原料，是全厂重油平衡的重要装置。作为公司能耗大户，渣油加氢装置能耗控制水平直接影响公司经济效益。因此，自装置开工后就认真分析装置能耗特点和管理技术方面存在的问题，实施多项节能降耗措施，不断降低装置综合能耗。

1  装置能耗分析

渣油加氢反应的主要工艺过程有催化加氢反应、氢气循环系统、气油水分离和产品分馏等，氢气和原料油的升压、升温消耗大量的动力和燃料气，是炼油厂能耗较高的装置之一[1]。……