申远航 黄晓灵 高利伟 吕航 郑业鲁 王众

摘要：【目的】利用Meta分析對有关益生菌对断奶仔猪小肠形态的影响试验进行评价，为解决仔猪生产过程中的肠道健康问题提供参考依据。【方法】基于中国知网（CNKI）、万方数据（Wanfang Data）、CQVIP、Web of Science及Science-Direct等数据库，全面检索收集益生菌对断奶仔猪小肠形态影响的研究文献，采用RevMan 5.3进行Meta分析。【结果】最终纳入22篇研究文献，试验组和对照组均为137头仔猪，试验组以益生菌作为添加物，对照组为空白。Meta分析结果表明：益生菌组对断奶仔猪十二指肠绒毛高度的影响显著优于空白组（P=0.01，SMD=0.81，95% CI=0.19～1.44），对隐窝深度的影响显著低于空白组（P=0.0008，SMD=-0.74，95% CI=-1.18～-0.31）;益生菌组对空肠绒毛高度的影响显著优于空白组（P<0.0001，SMD=0.97，95% CI=0.49～1.46），对隐窝深度的影响差异不显著（P=0.58，SMD=-0.12，95% CI= -0.56～0.31）;益生菌组对回肠绒毛高度的影响显著优于空白组（P=0.0003，SMD=1.20，95% CI=0.55～1.85），对隐窝深度的影响差异不显著（P=0.09，SMD=-0.58，95% CI=-1.25～0.10）。根据益生菌的菌属进行亚组分析，结果显示，酵母菌属组和复合菌株组对十二指肠、空肠的绒毛高度无影响，乳杆菌属组和肠球菌属组可显著提高十二指肠、空肠、回肠的绒毛高度。敏感性分析结果较稳健;发表偏倚结果显示有一定的发表偏倚，但偏倚程度不明显。【结论】益生菌通过显著提高十二指肠、空肠和回肠的绒毛高度及降低十二指肠隐窝深度，以改善断奶仔猪小肠的形态结构，其中，乳杆菌属组和肠球菌属组对绒毛高度的影响较显著，复合益生菌对十二指肠隐窝深度的影响显著。即益生菌在保护小肠肠道健康方面具有重要潜力，但需要注意同属不同菌种间的差异。

关键词： 断奶仔猪;益生菌;小肠形态;绒毛高度;隐窝深度;Meta分析

中图分类号： S816.73                            文献标志码： A 文章编号：2095-1191（2020）10-2546-11

Effects of probiotics on small intestine morphology of weaned piglets by Meta analysis

SHEN Yuan-hang， HUANG Xiao-ling， GAO Li-wei， LYU Hang，

ZHENG Ye-lu*， WANG Zhong

（Guangdong Guangken Animal Husbandry Engineering Research Institute， Guangzhou  510000， China）

Abstract：【Objective】Meta analysis was used to evaluate the effects of probiotics on intestinal morphology of weaned piglets， so as to provide reference for solving the intestinal health problems in the production process of piglets.【Method】Based on databases like CNKI，Wanfang Data，CQVIP，Web of Science and ScienceDirect，  the literature on the effects of probiotics on the small intestine morphology of weaned piglets were comprehensively collected， and  Review Manager 5.3 software was used for Meta analysis. 【Result】A total of 22 studies were included. The test group consisted of 137 piglets and the control group consisted of 137 piglets. The test group was supplemented with probiotics and the control group was blank.The Meta analysis results showed that the effects of duodenal villus height in the probiotic group was significantly better than that in the blank control group（P=0.01， SMD=0.81，95% CI=0.19-1.44）， and the crypt depth was significantly lower than that in the blank control group（P=0.0008， SMD=-0.74，95% CI=-1.18- -0.31）. The effects on the villi height of jejunum was significantly better than that of the blank control group（P<0.0001， SMD=0.97， 95% CI=0.49-1.46）， and the difference in crypt depth effect was not significant（P=0.58， SMD=-0.12，95% CI=-0.56-0.31）; the effect of the probiotic group on the villi height of ileum was significantly better than that of the blank control group（P=0.0003，SMD=1.20，95% CI=0.55-1.85）， and there was no significant difference in the effect of crypt depth （P=0.09， SMD= -0.58，95% CI=-1.25-0.10）. According to the subgroup analysis of the probiotic bacteria， the results showed that the yeast group and the compound bacteria group had no effect on the height of  duodenum and jejunum villi. The Lactobacillus group and the Enterococcus group could significantly improve the height of duodenum， jejunum and ileum villi. The results of the sensitivity analysis were relatively robust. The results of publication bias showed a certain degree of publication bias， but the degree of bias was not large. 【Conclusion】Probiotics can significantly increase the villi height of the small intestine（duodenum， jejunum， ileum） and reduce duodenal crypt depth in weaned piglets to improve the morphological structure of the small intestine of weaned piglets. Lactobacillus group and the Enterococcus group have significant effects on the height of the villi， and the composite strain has significant effect on the duodenal crypt depth. Probiotics have important potential in protecting the health of the small intestine， but it is necessary to pay attention to the differences between different species of the same genus.

Key words： weaned piglets; probiotics; small intestine morphology; villus height; crypt depth; Meta analysis

Foundation item： National Key Research and Development Program of China（2018YFF0213500）

0 引言

【研究意义】断奶是仔猪生命周期中的一项重要事件。饲粮、饲养人员及饲养环境等因素改變造成的多重应激，通常致使仔猪肠道的功能和结构发生改变，引发肠道炎症反应，损害肠道绒毛结构（Spreeuwenberg et al.，2001;Pié et al.，2004），进而引起肠黏膜受损及菌群失调（Fouhse et al.，2016;Gresse et al.，2017），临床上则表现为腹泻。使用抗生素和免疫方式虽然能有效预防仔猪腹泻的发生，但同时存在诸多弊端，为了保证食品安全，符合绿色生产的理念，众多替代抗生素添加剂已广泛应用于生猪养殖业，包括有机酸、益生菌、精油、中药及植物提取物等（Heo et al.，2013;Sezen，2013），其中又以益生菌应用最广泛。目前，有关益生菌对断奶仔猪肠道形态的影响尚存在争议，因此有必要进一步明确益生菌对断奶仔猪小肠形态影响的作用机理，为断奶仔猪养殖生产提供科学依据。……