浅谈如何提升劳技课堂“教师指导”的有效性
2020-01-21张坚英
张坚英
【摘要】笔者通过课堂观察,剖析小学劳动与技术课堂“教师指导”介入时机不当,考虑不周;自学流于形式,疏于过程指导;问题反馈预设不足,忽视价值分析等原因,并由此进行拓展探究与深入思考,提出主要从三个方面来追求“教师指导”的有效性:一要准确把握教师介入的时机,二要深入理解教师指导的内容,三要多元探索教师指导的方式。
【关键词】教师指导;课堂观察;有效教学
中图分类号:G625文献标识码:A文章编号:0493-2099(2020)33-0134-02
On How to Improve the Effectiveness of "Teacher Guidance" in Labor Skill Class
(Jinshan Primary School, Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province,China) ZHANG Jianying
【Abstract】Through classroom observation, the author analyzes the improper time and improper consideration of "teacher guidance" in primary labor and technology classrooms; self-study is mere formality and neglect of process guidance; problem feedback is insufficiently presupposed, and value analysis is ignored. This expands exploration and in-depth thinking, and pro‐poses to pursue the effectiveness of "teacher guidance" mainly from three aspects: one is to accurately grasp the timing of teacher intervention, the other is to understand the content of teacher guidance, and the third is to explore the ways of teacher guidance.
【Keywords】Teacher guidance; Classroom observation; Effective teaching
一、无效教师指导的分析
(一)自学流于形式,疏于过程指导
新课程倡导多种学习方式,无论什么样的学习方式,都是为了学生获得相应的知识和技能,即为达成一定教学目标服务。自学书本也是一种重要的方式。但在具体实施时,缺少了应有的目标指向和内容指导,学习活动游离于教学目标,那么看书自学只能是一种形式而已,不能发挥真正的效益。
(二)介入时机不当,指导考虑不周
什么时候指导才是最佳时机呢?从孔子关于“启发式”教学思想的名言“不愤不启,不悱不发”中可以找到答案,即我们的指导就应该在学生的“愤”“悱”之时,即学生想做,经过思考、探索而又做不出时,这样的指导才能达到最佳效果。根据学生的实际情况适时地进行指导,可以让学生更快地掌握操作技能,记忆也更加深刻。
(三)问题反馈盲目,价值辨析不准
课堂教学应该是预设与生成的有机融合。如果课堂中过分强调预设,以完成任务为己任,对学生学习过程中出现的问题置之不理,就会使教学变得机械化。……