赵记军 唐继荣 李崇霄 刘文 周涛 胡玉洁

摘    要：地膜覆盖技术带来巨大经济效益的同时也带来了一系列的生态环境问题，如何防控废旧地膜残留已经成为农业资源环境领域关注的热点问题。废旧地膜是可再生利用资源，如何回收是农业实现可持续发展的关键点。通过收集相关资料，对甘肃省在废旧地膜残留治理工作中形成的地膜回收机制进行整理和总结，基于工作实践，探索建立了“谁生产、谁回收”“以奖代补”“以旧换新”“以膜易物”“谁使用、谁治理”等多种行之有效的地膜回收工作机制，实现了从“回收难”向“可回收”转变，有效破解了地膜回收难题，以期为地膜高效回收、资源高效利用和农业绿色发展提供参考。甘肃省从制度体系层面形成的地膜回收机制，为省情相似地区废旧地膜残留防控提供了有效路径，积累了有益经验。

关键词：废旧地膜;回收;机制;甘肃省

中图分类号：S223.5         文献标识码：A            DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2019.11.017

Abstract： Agricultural plastic film mulching technology brings great economic benefits， meanwhile， brings a series of ecological and environmental problems. How to prevent and control waste plastic film residues has become a hot issue in the field of agricultural resources and environment. Waste plastic film was a renewable resource， how to recycle is the key point for future sustainable agricultural development. In this paper， based on the collection of relevant data， the plastic film recycling mechanism formed in the treatment of waste plastic film residues was sorted out and summarized in Gansu province in order to provide reference for the efficient recycling of plastic film， the efficient utilization of resources and the green development of agriculture. The results showed that Gansu province had established a various of effective plastic film recycling mechanisms from the institutional system level， such as "who produces， who recycles"， "substituting subsidies with rewards"， "exchange of the old for the new"， "who uses， who governs"and so on， which has achieved a transition from "recycling difficult" to“recyclable”. These mechanisms provided an effective path for the prevention and control of waste film remnants， and accumulated beneficia experience.

Key words： waste mulching film; recycle; mechanism; Gansu province

地膜覆盖是旱作农业的关键技术措施，因其显著的抗旱节水、增温保肥、节劳减支等作用而被广泛应用。甘肃是典型的旱作农业区，旱地面积占全省耕地面积的70%，年均降雨量仅有302 mm，且70%的降雨集中在秋季的3个月，水资源短缺且分布不均是甘肃省农业发展最大的制约因素，粮食产量低而不稳。地膜覆盖栽培技术有效地提高了干旱、半干旱地区的水资源利用率，解决了冷凉地区积温不足的劣势，促进了这些地区的农作物增产和农民增收，对农业发展提供了有力的科技支撑[1]。……