张垚 葛均筑 杨永安 吴锡冬 王金龙 辛德财

摘    要：为确定天津播种饲用油菜获得高产和优质的最适播期，本研究设置3月8日、3月18日、3月28日和4月7日4个播期，选用金油158、华油杂62、华协油82和青杂9号4个品种为材料进行大田试验，于终花期收获，测定饲用油菜全株生物产量和营养品质。结果表明，随播期推迟，油菜生育期缩短2～9 d;不同油菜品种全株生物产量和营养品质随播期变化趋势不同，金油158、华油杂62、华协油82和青杂9号分别于3月18日、3月8日、4月7日和3月28日全株生物产量最高，其中华油杂62显著高于金油158和华协油82（P<0.05），4个品种分别于3月28日、3月28日、3月28日和3月8日综合营养品质—牛奶生产力最高，但品种间差异均未达显著水平（P>0.05）。本试验中，统筹考虑饲料油菜的全株产量和营养品质，金油158、华油杂62、华协油82和青杂9号在天津地区的最适播期分别为3月8日、3月8日、4月7日和3月28日，可实现青饲料产量29.0 t·hm-2以上，且其牛奶生产力均超过1 650 kg·t-1，其中华油杂62具有较高的产量优势，其次是青杂9号。

关键词：饲用油菜;播期;气象因子;全株生物产量;营养品质

中图分类号：S565.4          文献标识码：A         DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2019.11.013

Abstract： In order to confirmed the suitable sowing date of spring silage rapeseed to achieve higher-yield and higher-nutritional quality in Tianjin， 4 sowing date （8th March， 18th March， 28th March and 7th April） and 4 rapeseed varieties （Jinyou 158， Huayuza 62， Huaxieyou 82 and Qingza 9） were selected for this experiment， the total plant yields and nutritional quality were measured after forage rapeseed harvesting at final flowering stage. The results showed that， rapeseed growth duration was shortened 2～9 days with sowing date delayed. The total plant yields and nutrient quality of different forage repeseed varieties had different variation tendency by sowing date. The total plant yields of Jinyou 158， Huayouza 62， Huaxieyou 82 and Qingza 9 were highest when the sowing date were 18th March， 8th March， 7th April and 28th March， respectively， which the total plant yields of Huayouza 62 were significant higher than Huaxieyou 82 and Qingza 9 （P<0.05）. The comprehensive nutrition quality （Hay Milk） of the above 4 varieties were highest when the sowing date were 28th March， 28th March， 28th March and 8th March， respectively， which there was no significant different among varieties （P>0.05）. In this experiment， considering both the total plant yields and nutritional quality of spring forage rapeseed， Jinyou 158， Huayouza 62， Huaxieyou 82 and Qingza 9 should be sown at 8th March， 8th March， 7th April and 28th March， respectively， which the total plant yields could be higher than 29.0 t·hm-2， and the Hay Milk could be more than 1 650 kg·t-1; among the 4 varieties， Huayouza 62 had the high-yield advantages， and then was Qingza 9.

Key words： forage rapeseed; sowing date; meteorological factors; total plant yield; nutritional quality

油菜（Brassica napus L.）是十字花科蕓薹属一年生植物，是重要油料作物。油菜饲用具有适应性强、易栽培、成本低等优势[1]，可充分利用农业资源，提高耕层微生物数量，增强土壤过氧化氢酶、纤维素酶和脲酶活性[2]，改良耕层土壤水稳性团聚体[3]，增加农闲土地绿色覆盖期[4]，是实现土地用养结合及畜牧业可持续发展的重要途径[5]。在中国工程院院士傅廷栋教授的倡议下，西北五省开展了饲用油菜试验[6]，以促进农牧结合、农区种植业与养殖业的发展[7]。……