张晓霞　杨会　张秀荣　骆璐　吕玉英　张昆　刘风珍　万勇善

摘要：本研究以栽培种花生品系05D677与品种中花12号为亲本材料，正反交构建2个F2分离群体，根据主基因+多基因分离分析方法，进行子仁性状遗传分析。结果表明：2个F2群体中花生子仁的仁长、仁宽及单仁重均存在广泛变异，表现出超亲遗传现象，且子仁性状频次均呈正态分布，具有数量性状特征，符合主基因+多基因遗传特点。仁长在2个F2群体中均符合3对主基因控制的加性-上位性遗传模型，其遗传率分别为80.0%和76.8%;仁宽符合1对具有加性效应的主基因+多基因混合遗传模型或2对具有显性上位效应的主基因+多基因混合遗传模型，主基因遗传率分别为2.0%、15.6%;单仁重符合具有完全等加性效应的主基因遗传模型或3对具有加性-上位性效应主基因遗传模型，主基因遗传率分别为52.0%、92.6%。

关键词：栽培种花生;子仁性状;主基因+多基因遗传分析;遗传率

中图分类号：S565.203.2文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2019）09-0073-07

Genetic Analysis of Kernel Length， Width and Single Kernel Weight in Peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.）

Zhang Xiaoxia， Yang Hui， Zhang Xiurong， Luo Lu， Lü Yuying， Zhang Kun， Liu Fengzhen， Wan Yongshan

（College of Agronomy， Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology， Taian 271018， China）

Abstract In this study， the cultivated peanut line 05D677 and cultivar Zhonghua 12 were used as parents to construct two F2 isolation populations by reciprocal crosses， and the inheritance of kernel traits was analyzed according to the main gene+polygene separation analysis method. The results showed that there were wide variations in kernel length （KL）， kernel width （KW） and single kernel weight （SKW） in the two F2 population showing super-parental inheritance， and the frequency of kernel traits were normal distribution with the property of quantitative traits， so they accorded with the characteristics of main gene + polygene inheritance. KL conformed to the additive-epistatic genetic model controlled by three major genes in the two F2 population with heritability of 80.0% and 76.8%， respectively. KW accorded with one pair of additive major gene + polygene mixed inheritance model or two pairs of dominant epistasis major gene + polygene mixed inheritance model. The heritability of major gene was 2.0% and 15.6%， respectively. The heritability of SKW was 52.0% and 92.6% respectively， which accorded with the main gene genetic model with complete equal additive effect or three pairs of main gene genetic model with additive-epistatic effect.

Keywords Cultivated peanut; Kernel trait; Major gene + polygene genetic analysis; Heritability

花生屬于豆科蝶形花亚科，起源于南美洲，由哥伦布发现新大陆后向全世界传播，是热带和亚热带区域各个国家广泛种植的经济和油料作物[1]。据USDA数据显示，2018年全世界花生年产量4 195万吨，中国、印度、美国为主要生产国。我国是世界上最大的花生生产国，且主要用于国内消费。花生仁在中国主要用于榨油消费、直接食用消费[2]。花生仁含有丰富的脂肪和蛋白质，是集营养、保健和防病功能于一身的健康食品[3]。随着经济水平和人民生活质量的提高，花生将会受到越来越多重视。……