彭振英　田海莹　丁红　张智猛　于晓霞　万书波　李新国

摘要：花生是我國重要的经济和油料作物之一，在保障我国食用油供给方面具有重要作用。目前，我国花生施肥普遍偏多，科学施肥、节肥增产成为当前花生种植的重要内容。本研究对9个花生品种在不同施肥情况下的多个农艺性状进行了比较，发现不同花生品种对施肥量的反应是有差异的。总体而言，大部分花生品种在高肥和中肥条件下的产量、株高、分枝数、百果重、饱果率等指标明显高于低肥条件下，但是经济系数变化较小。对比各花生品种在高肥和中肥两种情况下的产量性状，发现冀花4号、海花1号、山花7号在中肥处理下经济产量都较高，花育31、花育22在高肥处理下经济产量较高，而丰花1号、山花11号和豫花15在高肥和中肥处理下差异不明显。因此在实际生产中应根据花生品种自身对肥料的需求调整施肥量，以达到节肥增产的目的。

关键词：花生;施肥;农艺性状;经济产量;经济系数

中图分类号：S565.201：S147.22文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2019）09-0167-05

Effects of Fertilization Amount on Agronomic Characters of Nine Peanut Varieties

Peng ZhenyingTian HaiyingDing Hong2， Zhang Zhimeng2， Yu Xiaoxia3， Wan Shubo4， Li Xinguo1

（1. Biotechnology Research Center， Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop

Genetic Improvement， Ecology and Physiology， Jinan 250100， China; 2. Shandong Peanut Research Institute， Qingdao

266100， China; 3. Agricultural Technology Promotion Station of Wendeng District， Weihai City，Weihai 264000， China;

4. Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Jinan 250100， China）

Abstract Peanut is one of the most important economic and oil crops in China. It plays an important role in guaranteeing the supply of edible oil in China. At present， peanut fertilization in China is generally excessive， so scientific fertilization and fertilizer saving with yield increasing has become an important part of peanut planting. In this study， several agronomic traits of 9 peanut varieties were compared under different fertilization conditions. It was found that the response of different peanut varieties to fertilization was different. Generally speaking， yield， plant height， branch number， hundred-pod weight and full-pod rate of most peanut varieties were significantly higher under high and medium fertilizer conditions than those under low fertilizer conditions， but the economic coefficient changed slightly. Compared the yield characteristics of different peanut varieties under high and medium fertilizer conditions， it was found that Jihua 4， Haihua 1 and Shanhua 7 had higher economic yield under medium fertilizer treatment， Huayu 31 and Huayu 22 had higher economic yield under high fertilizer treatment， while Fenghua Shanhua 11 and Yuhua 15 had no significant difference under high and medium fertilizer treatments. Therefore， in order to save fertilizer and increase production， the amount of fertilizer should be adjusted to the demand of peanut varieties.

Keywords Peanut; Fertilization; Agronomic traits; Economic yield; Economic coefficient

农田合理施肥对于农业可持续发展和环境安全具有重要意义。自1980年以来中国化肥施用量迅速提高，化肥施用强度则以每年4.1%的速度增长，其中海南、陕西、河南、北京和天津等地区的施肥强度远远超出环境安全阈值[1]。化肥是农业面源污染的第一污染物[2]。中国在改进氮肥施用技术、平衡施肥以及减少农田环境污染风险方面做了许多研究，提出了多种作物“最佳经济施肥量”和“生态经济施肥量”的建议，为合理施肥和控制面源污染提供了重要的参考依据[3-5]。……