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我国鲜食花生遗传育种研究进展

2019-12-09杨伟强崔凤高张建成赵立波胡晓辉张胜忠苗华荣陈静

山东农业科学 2019年9期

杨伟强 崔凤高 张建成 赵立波 胡晓辉 张胜忠 苗华荣 陈静

摘要:鲜食花生具有风味鲜美、营养丰富、保健作用强等特点,已成为一种重要的休闲食品和餐桌佳肴,市场需求快速增长。本文概述了我国鲜食花生种质资源筛选和品质特性研究进展,且以我国登记的121个鲜食花生品种特征特性为核心数据,对其生育期、育种方式、品质特性和荚果籽仁特性等进行了分析,以期为我国鲜食花生品种培育提供参考。

关键词:鲜食花生;育种;品种;品质;荚果;籽仁

中图分类号:S565.203.5 文献标识号:A文章编号:1001-4942(2019)09-0184-05

Advances in Research of Genetics and

Breeding of Fresh-Edible Peanut in China

Yang WeiqingCui Fenggao1*, Zhang JianchengZhao Libo2, Hu Xiaohui

Zhang ShengzhongMiao HuarongChen Jing1

(1. Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China; 2. Qingdao Agricultural

Radio and Television School, Qingdao 26607China)

Abstract In recent years, green peanut has become an important snack food and more popular in China because of its delicious taste, rich nutrition and benefit to human health. So the market demand is growing rapidly. This paper mainly summarized the research progress of screening germplasm resources and quality characteristics of green peanut in China. Based on the characteristics of 121 green peanut varieties registered in China, the mature time, breeding methods, quality and pod-seed characteristics were analyzed in order to providing reference for the cultivation of green peanut varieties in China.

Keywords Fresh-edible peanut; Breeding; Variety; Quality; Pod; Seed

花生是我國重要的经济作物和油料作物,花生产业发展对于实现农民增收和保障国家食用油安全具有重要意义。世界范围内花生油用、食用比例相当,根据美国农业部统计(2012—2016年),世界花生的41%用于榨油(油用)、45%作为食用、14%作为其他用途。我国花生(果)总产1 672.2万吨,其中50.3%用于榨油,39.6%用于食用,10.1%作为其他用途。发达国家花生以食用为主,如美国年均花生总产314万吨,其中58.5%作为食用,13.0%用作榨油,12.4%用于出口[1]。

近年来随着人们生活水平的提高,消费需求多元化发展,鲜食花生成为了一个新的消费动向[2-6]。鲜食花生是指荚果充实后期、果壳开始变硬时收获,不经晾晒而直接食用或煮熟食用。我国花生科研育种单位和公司也开始关注鲜食花生育种,在种质筛选、品质特性、品质选育等方面开展了相关研究[7-14],但整体来看这些研究还处于初始阶段,零散而不系统,缺乏明确的标准。为了……

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