李倩　李丽杰　王斌　张志勇

摘要：为探究不同钾肥对花生叶片Dualex值和矿质元素含量以及产量的影响，试验以花生品种豫花14为材料，设置3种不同类型钾肥处理：硫酸钾（T1）、氯化钾（T2）、磷酸二氢钾（T3），以清水为对照（CK），于生长季进行叶面喷施。结果表明，不同类型钾肥处理花生叶片的氮素平衡指数（NBI）和叶绿素（Chl）含量均较对照明显增加，以硫酸钾处理的最高;叶片类黄酮和花青素略有增加。与对照相比，硫酸钾处理可提高叶片中K、Fe和Mn的含量，而磷酸二氢钾处理可提高Mn的含量。不同类型钾肥处理的花生产量较对照均有增加，以硫酸钾处理的产量最高，其次为氯化钾处理，磷酸二氢钾处理最低。总之，钾肥处理提高了花生叶片氮素平衡指数、矿质元素含量以及产量，以硫酸钾处理效果最好。

关键词：花生;钾肥;Dualex值;矿质元素;产量

中图分类号：S565.201：S143.3文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2019）09-0172-05

Effects of Different Kinds of Potassium Fertilizers on Leaf Physiological

and Biochemical Characteristics and Yield of Peanut

Li Qian， Li Lijie， Wang Bin， Zhang Zhiyong

（College of Life Science and Technology， Henan Institute of Science and Technology， Xinxiang 453000， China）

Abstract To explore the effects of different kinds of potassium fertilizers on Dualex value of blade， mineral element content and yield of peanut， taking Yuhua 14 as the experimental material， three treatments of potassium fertilizers were sprayed on leaves during the growth season： potassium sulfate （K2SO4，T1）， potassium chloride （KCl， T2）， potassium dihydrogen phosphate （KH2PO4， T3）， clear water as control （CK）. The results showed that the contents of NBI and chlorophyll （Chl） in peanut leaves with different types of potassium fertilizers were higher than those of CK， and those of potassium sulfate treatment were the highest. The flavonoids and anthocyanins in peanut leaves increased slightly. Compared with CK， T1 treatment could increase the contents of K，Fe and Mn in peanut leaves， while T3 treatment could increase the content of Mn. The peanut yield under different potassium treatments was higher than that of CK， and that of T1 treatment was the highest， followed by T2 and T3 treatments in order. In a word， potassium fertilizer treatment improved the nitrogen balance index， mineral element content and yield， and the potassium sulfate treatment had the best effect.

Keywords Peanut; Potassium fertilizer; Dualex value; Mineral elements; Yield

鉀是植物生长必需的三大营养元素之一[1]，对作物的产量和品质有很大影响。钾是多种酶的活化剂[2]，这些酶参与蛋白质代谢，糖代谢和核酸代谢的生物化学过程;钾能够促进叶绿素的合成，稳定叶绿体的结构，促进叶绿体中ATP的形成，从而影响CO2的同化[3];钾能够促进光合产物的合成与运转;参与蛋白合成;同时还能增强植物的抗病性、抗寒性、抗旱性、抗盐性和抗倒伏能力[4]。

钾在植物生长和发育过程中发挥着重要作用。棉花、小麦和玉米经常因为缺钾而产量降低[5]。施用钾肥对花生产量增加有显著效果，而不同钾肥对作物产量影响不同。……