盘式制动器结构对汽车制动中热机耦合特性的影响分析
2019-10-21潘建宇,闫晓晓,崔世海
潘建宇,闫晓晓,崔世海



摘 要:针对结构不同的盘式制动器,建立了在某紧急制动工况下制动盘的三维瞬态热机耦合计算模型,运用有限元方法模拟了盘式制动器的制动过程。通过分析比较不同结构对制动盘在紧急制动工况下温度场的径向分布、峰值热应力与热弹性变形情况,讨论了制动盘结构对制动效果的影响。结果表明:通风制动盘能够明显降低制动时制动盘温度和应力,对改善制动效能的恒定性具有积极作用。
关键词:盘式制动器结构;有限元分析;制动性能;热机耦合
中图分类号:U463.51 文献标识码:B 文章编号:1671-7988(2019)23-159-04
Effect of different disc brake structures on the thermo-mechanical coupling
characteristics during automobile braking*
Pan Jianyu1, Yan Xiaoxiao2, Cui Shihai1
(1.College of mechanical engineering, Tianjin university of science and technology, Tianjin 300222;2.China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300300)
Abstract: Based on two kinds of automobile disc brakes with different structures, the brake disc finite element(FE) models which can calculate the three-dimensional transient thermo-mechanical coupling process was developed. And the FE models was used to simulate the braking process of the disc brake by using FE method. Comparing the radial distribution of temperature field and the peak thermal stress and thermoelastic deformation of brake disc with different structures under emergency braking condition, the effect of disc brake structures on the braking properties was analyzed. The results showed that the ventilation brake disc could obviously reduce the temperature and stress of the brake disc, which means that it had a positive effect on improving the braking efficiency.
Keywords: Disc brake stuctures; Finite element method; Braking property; Thermal-mechanical coupling
CLC NO.: U463.51 Document Code: B Article ID: 1671-7988(2019)23-159-04
前言
制動器的制动过程会产生非均匀的温度场和弹性变形,最终会影响制动压力和制动力矩的大小与平衡。因此热机耦合分析是制动系统设计过程中重要的环节。
关于热机耦合的研究取得了丰富的成果。Tirovic等[1]和Day等[2]研究了盘式制器的制动力分布情况,结果表明:摩擦片和制动器之间产生的摩擦热并不是均匀地分布在表面上,而是存在温度的集聚区域。赵海燕[3]等针对列车制动器进行热机耦合分析,明确了环境温度会使得制动温度曲线整体变动。张立军[4]的研究明确了制动压力分布对制动过程的影响机制。孟德建[5]等基于实验测得了制动减速度曲线,并建立了三维瞬态热机耦合模型,分析了该工况下瞬态温度场、应力场和热弹性变形的规律。
虽然通风盘式制动器目前已经大范围在汽车中使用。但是,因为成本等原因仍有部分汽车依然使用实心盘式制动器。……
