贾春路，阮剑锋，张继五，王蒙，李红兵，王瑶，李占龙

摘 要：为了得到巴哈赛车振噪水平的分布情况，改善赛车的平顺性和乘坐舒适性，以巴哈U30赛车为研究对象，在实验室底盘测功机和越野路面两种工况下对整车的振动和噪声特性进行试验研究。测试巴哈U30赛车的发动机、发动机机架、座椅、座椅底板和车轮在X、Y、Z三个方向上的振动加速度，并进行时域和频域分析;对驾驶室内驾驶员耳旁和发动机噪声进行测试，获得A计权声压级。结果显示，X、Z向振动最为剧烈，且属低频振动;实验室模拟工况下，发动机到发动机安装机架的振动传递率为17.3%，发动机到座椅的振动传递率为69.3%;越野路面工况下，车轮到座椅在X、Y、Z三个方向的振动传递率分别为：101.2%、24.2%、133.9%;前5阶模态频率集中在4～70Hz;驾驶员耳旁噪声为62～83dB，发动机噪声为65～85dB。

关键词：巴哈赛车;振动;噪声;测试;舒适性

中图分类号：U467  文献标识码：B  文章编号：1671-7988（2019）23-153-06

Analysis of vibration and noise characteristics of baja U30 racing car*

Jia Chunlu， Ruan Jianfeng， Zhang Jiwu， Wang Meng， Li Hongbin， Wang Yao*， Li Zhanlong

（School of Mechanical Engineering， Taiyuan University of Science and Technology， Shanxi Taiyuan 030024）

Abstract： In order to obtain the distribution of the vibration and the noise level of baja racing cars， and improve the ride comfort， the vibration and the noise characteristics of the whole vehicle are studied under the two working conditions of laboratory chassis dynamometer and off-road road surface. The vibration acceleration of engine， engine frame， seat， seat bottom plate and wheel in X， Y and Z directions of baja U30 racing car are tested and analyzed in time domain and frequency domain. The sound pressure level of A weight is obtained by testing the noise of driver's ear and engine in the driving room. The results show that the vibrations in X and Z direction are the largest and belong to the low-frequency vibration. Under simulated laboratory condition， the vibration transfer rate from the engine to the engine mounting frame is 17.3%. And the vibration transfer rate from the engine to the seat is 69.3%. Under the off-road condition， the vibration transfer rate from wheel to seat in X， Y and Z directions is 101.2%， 24.2% and 133.9%， respectively. The first 5 modes are concentrated on 4～70Hz. The noise near the driver's ear is 62～83dB. The engine noise is 65～85dB.

Keywords： Baja racing; Vibration; Noise; Test; Comfort

CLC NO.： U467  Document Code： B  Article ID： 1671-7988（2019）23-153-06

前言

U30型號赛车是由太原科技大学万里车队按照 BSC（Baja SAE China）大赛规则自主研发与设计，在中国巴哈大赛上取得了优异成绩，但在操纵过程中仍存在较为严重的振动和噪声问题，对驾驶人员影响较大。

国内外学者对普通车辆振动噪声特性进行了大量的研究，而对巴哈赛车的振动和噪声特性研究较少。唐卓开展了悬架座椅系统振动控制和整车振动分析的研究，并建立悬架座椅的结构模型、提出悬架座椅系统的优化目标与目标函数、利用仿真软件AMESim建立了整车仿真模型仿等掌握整车的振动特性[1]。……