基于多目标优化的气弹簧设计方法
2019-10-21刘海龙,单鹏飞,蔡立阳,张晓晶,王思敏,牛锐
刘海龙,单鹏飞,蔡立阳,张晓晶,王思敏,牛锐



摘 要:由于具有优良的力学特性,气弹簧已广泛应用于汽车的开闭件中。文章基于商用车高架箱箱盖开闭过程中几何及力学关系建立了多目标优化模型。该模型以气弹簧固定点位置及最小伸展力作为设计变量,以影响操作舒适性的箱盖开启力、关闭力、开启临界角及影响成本的气弹簧行程的计算值与理想值的偏差率作为优化目标,通过matlab中多目标优化算法对原布置方案进行优化。结果表明,该模型可在降低最小伸展力及行程的前提下,即降低成本的情况下,满足相关人机工程要求,提升车辆系统人机舒适性。
关键词:气弹簧;优化布置;多目标优化;人机工程
中图分类号:U463.33+4.2 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1671-7988(2019)23-75-04
Design Method of Gas Spring Based on Multi-objective Optimization
Liu Hailong, Shan Pengfei, Cai Liyang, Zhang Xiaojing, Wang Simin, Niu Rui
( FAW Jiefang Commercial Vehicle Development Institute, Jilin Changchun 130062 )
Abstract: Gas springs are widely used in opening and closing devices of automotive, due to their excellent mechanical properties. Based on the geometrical and mechanical relationship of the process of covers opening and closing, a multi- objective optimization model has been developed. The layout optimization has been reached through multi-objective optimization algorithm based on matlab, with positions of springs fixed points and minimum extension force as variables, and the deviation rate of operation forces, opening critical angle along with stroke from their ideal values as objectives. The results of the model match well with the demand of ergonomics, which can improve the comfort of operation.
Keywords: Gas spring; Layout optimization; Multi-Objective optimization; Ergonomics
CLC NO.: U463.33+4.2 Document Code: A Article ID: 1671-7988(2019)23-75-04
前言
由于具有舉升力变化小、性能稳定等特点,气弹簧已广泛应用于汽车、家具及工程机械行业。气弹簧的选型及布置,关系到气弹簧的成本及对操作舒适性有直接影响的开闭力及开启临界角等参数。对于气弹簧的设计方法,已有一些学者进行了研究分析。温浩[1]等人对方舱舱门上的气弹簧运动状态进行了分析和研究,提出了气弹簧选型及布置方法,即最小举升力法。姚芳[2]等针对气弹簧应用于拖拉机前机罩上的设计问题,通过实例介绍了“两圆法”的应用方法。张立潇[3]通过Python语言设计交互式程序窗口,并利用三角形余弦定理,计算出最小支撑力,同时得出气弹簧固定点的布置位置。马东辉[4]从力矩平衡和能量平衡角度出发,得出气弹簧优化布置与校核的方程式,提出气弹簧的布置方法,同时对其是否满足人机要求进行校核。……
