许红叶 李婷 臧运祥 徐凯 高永彬 郑伟尉

摘 要：【目的】建立一套适合刺葡萄实生单株苗期性状的评价方法。【方法】测定了刺葡萄实生单株干径、新梢长度、叶片叶绿素含量、叶面积、叶片干鲜重、叶片叶形结构参数等16个主要性状，并应用主成分分析法对其进行综合评价。【结果】刺葡萄实生单株主要生长性状均出现较大变异，尤其是新梢长度、叶片叶绿素含量、干径等变异较大。选取方差累积贡献率为86.254%的前 6 个主成分来评价刺葡萄实生单株，决定第 1 主成分的是干径、新梢长度、叶绿素含量、叶面积、叶片鲜重、叶片干重;决定第 2 主成分的是中脉长、上侧脉长、下侧脉长、叶柄脉长;决定第 3 主成分的是叶宽和上中侧脉夹角。【结论】以 6个主成分及单个主成分所对应的特征值占所提取主成分总的特征值之和的比例作为权重，构建刺葡萄实生单株苗期性状的综合评价模型F综=0.38F1+0.24F2+0.12F3+0. 10F4+0.09F5+0.06F6，综合得分排名前两位的单株分别为S4和S35。

关键词：刺葡萄;主成分分析法;苗期;综合评价

中图分类号：S 663.1文献标识码：A文章编号：1008-0384（2019）07-764-11

Abstract：【Objective】To establish a method for evaluating the characteristics of seed-derived Vitis davidii seedlings. 【Method】 Sixteen characteristics including stem girth， shoot length， leaf chlorophyll content， leaf area， leaf dry and fresh weight， and blade structure of the seedlings were determined for a comprehensive evaluation by principal component analysis. 【Result】Significant variations were found on the growth of the seedlings， especially on shoot length， leaf chlorophyll content， and stem girth. The first 6 principal components made up 86.254% of the total contribution. The first principal component was determined by the stem girth， shoot length， chlorophyll content， leaf area， and fresh and dry weights of the leaves; the second principal component by the lengths of midrib， upper lateral vein， lower lateral vein， and downmost vein; and， the third principal component by the leaf width and the angle between upper lateral vein and midrib. 【Conclusion】Using the eigenvalues corresponding to the 6 principal components and the ratio of single to extracted principal component， a comprehensive evaluation model for the seed-derived V.davidii seedlings was established. Accordingly， S4 and S35 scored the highest among the specimens. A rapid method to screen V.davidii resources at seedling stage for cultivar selection and new variety breeding had thus become available.

Key words： Vitis davidii; principal component analysis; seedling stage; comprehensive evaluation

0 引言

【研究意義】刺葡萄Vitis davidii Foex隶属葡萄科葡萄属东亚种群，其典型形态特征是幼枝及叶柄部位着生皮刺，主要分布在湖南、江西、福建、浙江等地区[1]。刺葡萄的环境适应性很强，既耐高温、高湿，还对黑痘病、白粉病、炭疽病等呈现出较强抗性，故具有较高的科学研究价值。

【前人研究进展】目前刺葡萄育种工作多采用种内杂交、实生选育的方式进行，产生的树种性状变异是果树遗传改良和选择育种的基础。……