张眉　吴斌　徐德坤　王升吉　辛相启　姜珊珊

摘要：为了研究木霉菌JM-l菌株对麦根腐离蠕孢CY6菌株的拮抗机制，本研究结合形态学和分子生物学鉴定方法，明确JM-l菌株的分类地位，并采用平板对峙培养法和显微观察，分析JM-l菌株对CY6菌株的拮抗作用。结果表明，木霉菌JM-l菌株为棘孢木霉（Trichoderma a.sperellurn），可通过空间和营养竞争抑制CY6菌株的生长，抑菌率为77.22%;显微观察发现，棘孢木霉JM-l对CY6菌株有明显的重寄生作用，同时，JM-l菌株可产生某些抗生物质，使CY6菌株的菌丝、分生孢子发生变形和消解。因此，棘孢木霉JM-l菌株可通过竞争作用、重寄生作用和抗生作用等多重生防机制抑制麦根腐离蠕孢的生长。

关键词：棘孢木霉;麦根腐离蠕孢;拮抗机制

Antagonistic Mechanism of Trichodermaasperellum JM - 1 against Bipolaris sorokinianaZhang Mei， Wu Bin， Xu Dekun， Wang Shengji， Xin Xiangqi， Jiang Shanshan

Abstract In order to study the antagonistic mechanism of Trichoderma spp. JM - I against Bipolaris so-rokiniana， the taxonomic status of JM - 1 was confirmed by morphological and molecular biological identifica-tion methods， and the antagonistic mechanism between JM -1 and CY6 isolates were analyzed by plate con-frontation culture and microscopic observation. The results showed that JM - 1 isolate was identified as Tri-choderma asperellum， and it restrained the growth of CY6 isolate through spatial and nutrient competition withand the inhibition rate as 77.22% . Microscopic observation found that JM - 1 isolate had the significant para-sitic effect on CY6 isolate， and produced some antibiotic substance， which led to deformation and digestion ofmycelia and conidia. In summary， T. asperelluim JM - 1 isolate could inhibit the growth of B. sorokinianathrough multiple biological control mechanisms such as competition， mycoparasitism and antibiosis.

Keywords Triclzoderma asperellum ; Bipolaris sorokiniana ; Antagonistic mechanism

木霉菌（Trichoderma spp.）对多种植物病原菌都具有较好的拮抗作用[1]，是一类应用广泛、适应力强、拮抗机制多样的生防菌[2]，在防治植物病害上发挥着重要作用。棘孢木霉（Trichoder-ma asperellum]是由Samuels等[3]于1999年命名的木霉新种，在我国由章初龙等[4]于2005年首次報道。目前研究表明，棘孢木霉是一种优良的生防真菌，对黄瓜枯萎病菌（Fusarium oxyspo-rum）[5]、玉米大斑病菌（Exserohilum turcicum）[6]、水稻纹枯病菌（Rhizoctonia solani）[7]等病原菌都有良好的抑制效果。

小麦根腐病是山东小麦产区的重要病害之一，该病危害严重并呈逐年加重趋势，主要病原物为麦根腐离蠕孢（Bipolaris sorokiniana）。崔云龙等[8]研究表明，短小芽孢杆菌D82对小麦根腐病有较强的抗生作用，防效显著。王立等[9]研究发现，丛枝菌根真菌摩西球囊霉（ Glomus mosseae）能有效防治小麦根腐病，并对小麦的营养生长有促进作用。……