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基于Elman神经网络的GNSS/INS全域高精度定位方法

2019-08-01邓天民方芳岳云霞杨其芝

计算机应用 2019年4期

邓天民 方芳 岳云霞 杨其芝

摘 要:针对当前智能网联汽车定位与导航系统无法接收全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)信号引起定位失效的问题,提出一种基于Elman神经网络的GNSS结合惯性导航系统(INS)的全域高精度定位方法。首先,采用神经网络方法,建立了基于Elman网络的GNSS/INS高精度定位训练模型和GNSS失效预测模型;然后,利用GNSS、INS和实时动态(RTK)等定位技术,设计了GNSS/INS高精度定位数据采集实验系统;最后,选取采集的有效实验数据进行了反向传播(BP)神经网络、级联BP(CFBP)神经网络、Elman神经网络的训练模型性能对比分析,并验证了基于Elman网络的GNSS失效预测模型。实驗结果表明,所提方法训练误差指标均优于基于BP和CFBP神经网络的方法;在GNSS失效1min、2min、5min时,基于预测模型的预测平均绝对误差(MAE)、方差(VAR)和均方根误差(RMSE)分别为18.88cm、19.29cm、58.83cm,8.96、8.45、5.68和20.90、21.06、59.10,随着GNSS信号失效时长的增加,定位预测精度降低。

关键词:智能网联汽车;全域高精度定位;全球导航卫星系统;信号失效;Elman神经网络;数据驱动

中图分类号:TP389.1; TP391.9;

文献标志码:A

文章编号:1001-9081(2019)04-0994-07

Abstract: Aiming at positioning failure occured when positioning and navigation system of the intelligent connected vehicle fail to receive the signal of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), a GNSS/Inertial Navigation System (INS) global high-precision positioning method based on Elman neural network was proposed. Firstly, a GNSS/INS high-precision positioning training model and a GNSS failure prediction model based on Elman neural network were established. Then, by using GNSS, INS and Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) and other positioning techniques, a data acquisition experiment system of GNSS/INS high-precision positioning was designed. Finally, the effective experimental data were collected to compare the performance of the training model of Back Propagation (BP) neural network, Cased-Forward BP (CFBP) neural network, Elman neural network, and the prediction model of GNSS signal outage based on Elman network was verified. The experimental results show that the training error of GNSS/INS prediction model based on Elman network is better than those based on BP and CFBP neural networks. When GNSS fails for 1min, 2min and 5min, the prediction Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Variance (VAR) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were 18.88cm, 19.29cm, 58.83cm and 8.96, 8.45, 5.68 and 20.90, 21.06, 59.10 respectively, and with the increase of GNSS signal outage time, the positioning prediction accuracy is reduced.

Key words: intelligent connected vehicle; global high-precision positioning; Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS); signal outage; Elman neural network; data-driven

0 引言

随着我国汽车时代的来临,城市交通拥堵、安全等问题日益严峻。5G通信、互联网+等技术的迅猛发展为这些问题提供了解决之道——智能网联汽车。智能网联汽车运行环境复杂,且需要具有安全、舒适、节能、高效行驶等功能,因此,高精度定位与导航成为其基本配置之一。

目前,汽车定位与导航系统主要采用全球定位系统(Global Positioning System, GPS)结合惯性导航系统(Inertial Navigation System, INS)的GPS/INS组合导航模式,如何提高定位精度和实现无缝定位(即全域定位),是当前智能汽车定位与导航领域的研究重点[1]。……

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