任琳洁

[摘要]目的：探讨烧伤患者焦虑、抑郁心理状态与社会支持及希望水平的关系。方法：纳入2018年2月-9月共155例烧伤患者，行问卷调查。分别选用医院焦虑抑郁量表（hospital anxiety and depression scale，HAD）、社会支持评分量表（social support rating scale，SSRS）、希望水平指数（herth hope index，HHI）量表评估患者焦虑、抑郁得分及社会支持、希望水平，并用Pearson相关分析其相关性。结果：烧伤患者中焦虑、抑郁状况平均得分分别为6.54±3.82及7.68±4.23，检出率分别达34.2%、43.2%。其社会支持总分得分为40.90±8.46，显著高于全国常模得分34.56±3.73，差异有统计学意义（t=20.93，P<0.01）。希望水平总分为31.50±6.46，中等及以下希望水平占78.1%。烧伤患者焦虑、抑郁与社会支持及希望水平之间呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。相关系数分别为-0.471、-0.480、-0.487及-0.502。结论：烧伤患者焦虑、抑郁的心理状态与社会支持及希望水平负相关。在临床工作中，应重视通过提高患者社会支持及希望水平的方式预防焦虑、抑郁的发生。

[关键词]烧伤;焦虑;抑郁;社会支持;心理状态;量表评估

[中图分类号]R395.1    [文献标志码]A    [文章编号]1008-6455（2019）06-0143-03

Abstract： Objective  To explore the relationship between anxiety， depression and social support and hope level in burn patients. Methods  A total of 155 burn patients from February 2018 to September 2018 were enrolled in this study. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale （HAD）， Social Support Rating Scale （SSRS） and Hope Level Index （HHI） were used to assess anxiety， depression scores and social support and hope levels of patients， and Pearson correlation was used to analyze their correlation. Results  The average scores of anxiety and depression in burn patients were 6.54±3.82 and 7.68±4.23， respectively. The detection rates were 34.2% and 43.2%， respectively. The total score of social support was 40.90±8.46， which was significantly higher than the national norm score of 34.56±3.73， the difference was statistically significant （t=20.93， P<0.01）. The total score of hope level was 31.50±6.46， with 78.1% of hope level below the middle level. There was a significant negative correlation between anxiety， depression and social support and hope level in burn patients （P<0.05）. The correlation coefficients were -0.471， -0.480， -0.487 and -0.502， respectively. Conclusion  The psychological state of anxiety and depression in burn patients is negatively correlated with the level of social support and hope. In clinical work， attention should be paid to the prevention of anxiety and depression by improving the level of social support and hope of patients.

Key words： burn; anxiety; depression; social support; psychological state; scale evaluation

隨着现代化、城市化、电气化的发展，烧伤成为城市人群的多发外伤性疾病。由于其起病急骤、治疗周期长、过程伴随慢性疼痛、长期卧床制动等痛苦，且创伤愈合后多遗留严重外观破坏。因此，烧伤患者更容易出现焦虑、抑郁、自卑等不良心理状态[1]。现有研究发现，社会支持及希望水平与多种疾病患者的心理状态有关[2-4]。但该方面研究在烧伤患者中较为少见。本研究将通过问卷调查等形式评估烧伤患者焦虑、抑郁心理状态，并探讨其与社会支持及希望水平的关系。

1  资料和方法