沈海龙　陆天宇　郭敏　沈晓莉　杨玲　张鹏

摘 要：為探索东北地区主要造林树种红松、落叶松和樟子松人工林枯落针叶播种后覆盖苗床促进林木种子萌发和幼苗生长的生物学机制，收集3个树种的半分解与新凋落未分解枯落针叶，提取水浸液，以非休眠型的白菜种子为对照、强制休眠型的红皮云杉和落叶松种子为试材，研究枯落针叶水浸液对林木种子萌发的影响状况。结果表明：①除了个别浓度处理外，3个树种枯落针叶水浸液处理对非休眠型的白菜种子萌发总体表现抑制趋势，40 g/L（及以上）浓度处理的种子萌发能力显著低于对照;②除了个别浓度处理外，红松和樟子松枯落针叶水浸液处理对落叶松发芽率均有提高作用，但与对照的差异未达显著水平;③红松和樟子松枯落针叶水浸液对落叶松和红皮云杉种子的发芽指数影响差异较大，但以促进作用为主，个别抑制作用的处理与对照无显著差异。结论：落叶松、红松和樟子松未分解和半分解枯落针叶水浸液中存在抑制萌发物质，但对落叶松和红皮云杉种子萌发表现了促进作用。研究结果为主要造林树种枯落针叶在苗圃中应用提供了科学依据。

关键词：红松;落叶松;樟子松;枯落针叶水浸液;种子萌发

中图分类号：S791.22   文献标识码：A  文章编号：1006-8023（2019）04-0006-08

Seed Germination Responses to Treatments of Needle Litter Aqueous

Extracts of Three Afforestation Species in Northeast China

SHEN Hailong， LU Tianyu， GUO Min， SHEN Xiaoli， YANG Ling， ZHANG Peng

（School of Forestry， Northeast Forestry University， Harbin 150040）

Abstract：In order to explore the biological mechanism of the main afforestation species of Pinus koraiensis （Korean pine）， Larix olgensis （larch） and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica （Scots pine） in the northeastern region， the seedling bed was used to promote seed germination and seedling growth， fresh and partially decomposed needle litters of the three tree species were collected and aqueous extracts were extracted， and the impact of litter aqueous extracts from Korean pine and Scots pine on seed germination of larch and Picea koraiensis （spruce） were tested. The results were as follows： ①except of a few treatments， a inhibition effect on cabbage seed germination was shown for the aqueous extracts of the three tested tree species generally; the germination capability in 40 g/L （and up） treatments were significantly lower than that of control; ②except in a few treatments， the germination percentage of larch and spruce seeds in most treatments of the aqueous extracts from Korean pine and Scots pine needle litters was increased compared with that of controls， but the difference had not reached significant level; ③although there were some fluctuations of the germination index among treatments of the aqueous extract from needle litters of Korean pine and Scots pine， most of the treatments shown promotion effect on it， and several treatments shown inhibition effect but not reached significant level. In summary， there were seed germination inhibition substances in the needle litter aqueous extracts of the three tested tree species， but the aqueous extracts from Korean pine and Scots pine shown no significant inhibition effect but promotion effect to seed germination of larch and spruce. These results provided some basic supports to the application of needle litters in nursery stock production of afforestation tree species.

Keywords：Larix olgensis; Pinus koraiensis; Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica; needle litter aqueous extracts; seed germination

0 引言

树木播种育苗过程中，播种后覆土材料是否适当，直接影响出苗率和幼苗生长发育状况。经过实践中长期摸索，黑龙江省佳木斯市孟家岗林场苗圃在播种后的苗床上用枯落针叶代替传统覆土材料进行覆盖，在各个所培育的树种中都取得理想效果。……