付理　孙术发　储江伟

摘 要：为提高电动汽车飞轮辅助储能系统的能量回收率，对其能量储存的关键部件储能飞轮的结构进行优化设计。采用改进型差分进化算法，通过Matlab联合Ansys有限元分析软件，在安全系数为2的条件下，对储能飞轮结构进行优化设计。经过算法优化得到质量储能密度最大的储能飞轮结构，在算法优化的储能飞轮基础上，为增加有效回转半径，对储能飞轮轮辐进行结构设计，最终通过强度校核，得到采用轮辐结构可明显提高质量储能密度，但轮辐的数量对提高质量储能密度影响不大。采用改进型差分进化算法和轮辐结构联合优化设计储能飞轮，能够有效提高储能飞轮的质量储能密度，为设计储能飞轮的结构提供一种新思路。

关键词：储能飞轮;Matlab;Ansys;差分进化算法;轮辐

中图分类号：TM133.7 文獻标识码：A   文章编号：1006-8023（2019）04-0105-07

Research on Optimization Design Method and Structure

of Electric Vehicle Flywheel

FU Li1， SUN Shufa1， CHU Jiangwei2

（1.College of Engineering and Technology， Northeast Forestry University， Harbin 150040;

2.School of Traffic， Northeast Forestry University， Harbin 150040）

Abstract：In order to improve the energy recovery rate of the electric vehicle flywheel auxiliary energy storage system， the structure of the flywheel of the key component of energy storage is optimized. Under the condition of safety factor of 2， the improved differential evolution algorithm is used to optimize the design of the flywheel structure by Matlab combined with Ansys finite element analysis software. The flywheel structure with the highest energy storage density is obtained through algorithm optimization. Based on the algorithm-optimized flywheel， the spoke structure is designed to improve the radius of gyration. Finally， through the strength check， it can be concluded that the spokes structure can obviously improve the mass energy storage density， but the number of spokes has little effect on improving the mass energy storage density. The research shows that the improved differential evolution algorithm and the spoke structure jointly optimize the design of the flywheel， which can effectively improve the energy storage density of the flywheel， and provide a new idea for designing the structure of the flywheel.

Keywords：Flywheel; Matlab; Ansys; differential evolution algorithm; wheel spoke

0 引言

汽车行业的迅速发展，使电动汽车（Electric Vehicle，EV）、混合动力汽车、氢发动机汽车、燃料电池汽车等新能源汽车不断出现[1-3]。开发新的环保能源的同时，积极研究不可再生能源的储存是解决能源有序利用的途径。现在主要以化学储能、物理储能和超导储能3种储能方式为主[4]。化学储能方式技术成熟，应用广泛，但存在使用寿命短、易受外界因素干扰和不环保等问题。超导储能方式成本高、使用环境苛刻，还处于研究初级阶段，应用面局限性很大。物理储能方式，利用物理方法将能量存储起来，主要有抽水、压缩空气和飞轮等形式。……