构建广东省幼儿体育活动“三维动作”内容体系的研究
2019-05-13庄弼周毅杨宁
庄弼 周毅 杨宁



摘 要:根据幼儿身心发展规律和教育部《3~6岁儿童学习与发展指南》要求,在广东省不同地域、城乡86所幼儿园中开展构建广东省幼儿体育活动“三维动作”内容体系的研究。该体系包括发展幼儿平衡、灵敏与协调、力量与持久力等动作(简称“三维动作”)的内容体系和评价指标;结果显示“三维动作”内容体系对幼儿的体能、智力和个性品质发展均有不同程度的促进作用;同时表明:3~6岁是“三维动作”发展的敏感阶段,其中幼儿发展平衡能力的最佳年龄是3~4.5岁,发展力量与持久力的最佳年龄是4.5~6岁,3~6岁均是靈敏及协调能力发展的敏感期。
关 键 词:幼儿体育;体育活动;三维动作能力;智力;个性;广东
中图分类号:G61 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-7116(2019)02-0082-07
Abstract: According to children physical and mental development laws and the requirements of 3~6 Years Old Children Learning and Development Guide (hereinafter referred to as “the Guide”) issued by the Ministry of Education, the authors made a study of constructing the content system of “3D movements” in Cantonese children sports activities in 86 experimental kindergartens in different regions, cities or towns in Guangdong province. This system includes the content system and evaluation indexes for developing children movements for balance, agility and coordination, strength and endurance etc (hereinafter referred to as “3D movements”). The results show that the content system of “3D movements” plays a role in promoting children stamina, intelligence and personality quality development to different extents, also indicate the followings: the period of ages 3~6 is the sensitive stage for “3D movements” development, in which the best ages for children to develop the balance ability are ages 3~4.5, the best ages for children to develop strength and endurance are ages 4.5~6, all the ages 3~6 are sensitive periods for agility and coordination ability development.
Key words: children sports;sports activity;3D movements ability;intelligence;personality;Guangdong
教育部《3~6岁儿童学习与发展指南》(教基二[2012]4号,下称《指南》)中指出:“发育良好的身体、愉快的情绪、强健的体质、协调的动作、良好的生活习惯和基本生活能力是幼儿身心健康的重要标志,也是其他领域学习与发展的基础。”[1]其中,动作发展是作为健康领域的重要组成部分,《指南》对此作了明确的规定,要求3~6岁幼儿通过体育活动具有一定的平衡能力,动作协调、灵敏,具有一定的力量和耐力以及手的动作灵活协调(这里的“耐力”实际是指儿童在完成力量练习所用的持续时间或距离,在幼儿阶段不宜开展“耐力”练习,本研究称为“力量与持久力”[2])。幼儿平衡动作、灵敏与协调动作和力量与持久力动作能力(下称“三维动作”)的发展,将为人的一生身心健康奠定良好的基础。……
