冷文杰 武锋 崔钰 刘薇

[摘要] 基于对美国国家针灸与东方医学资格审议委员会（NCCAOM）公共网站所发布的第一手信息的调研，本文归纳、整理了NCCAOM资格证书申请人的资质类别、各州当前注册医师数量分布及对NCCAOM考试和资格的认证情况进行分析，得出的结论有：西医内容在中医（针灸）教学和考试中仍占很大比重，西医对中医发展仍有重要的借鉴意义;美国各州中医发展很不平衡，落后州仍有很大发展空间;单纯师承教育模式前景不乐观，探索新型中医师承教育模式是中医药事业发展面临的重要课题;美国中医师行医资格要求严格，对我国中医药服务贸易形成了较高的贸易壁垒。

[关键词] 美国;中医;针灸;美国国家针灸与东方医学资格审议委员会

[中图分类号] R245          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1673-7210（2019）01（b）-0164-05

[Abstract] Based on the survey of first-hand information released on the public website of National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine （NCCAOM）， qualification categories for NCCAOM qualification certificates applicants and distribution of current registered physicians in each state are summed up and sorted out. Meanwhile， NCCAOM examination and qualification authentication are analyzed. It can be concluded that Western medicine still occupies a large proportion in the teaching and examination of traditional Chinese medicine （Acupuncture） and Western medicine is of significant reference value to the development of traditional Chinese medicine. Development of traditional Chinese medicine in each US state is unbalanced and development space in the lag-behind states is immense. Prospects of the simple apprenticeship education model are not optimistic and the exploration of new apprenticeship education model for traditional Chinese medicine is an important issue faced by development of traditional Chinese medicine career. Medical qualification for traditional Chinese medicine practitioners in US is very severe， forming higher trade barrier for the service trade of traditional Chinese medicine.

[Key words] United States; Traditional Chinese medicine; Acupuncture; National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine

隨着传统医学在美国的加速传播，美国政府对中医药（针灸）的管理愈发完善。美国针灸与东方医学资格审议委员会（National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine，NCCAOM）是美国唯一中医针灸执业资格认证的全国性非盈利机构。除3个未立法的州（南达科他州、亚拉巴马州、俄克拉何马州）和独立体系的加利福尼亚州（将于2019年采纳）外，其资格证书或考试成绩已成为全美46个州和华盛顿哥伦比亚特区颁发执业执照的必需文件[1]。了解NCCAOM对美国针灸资格认证要求及其在各州的应用模式，对我国中医药服务贸易在美国的开展具有重要的应用指导价值和借鉴意义。

1 NCCAOM考试申请者的资质分类

1.1 受过正规院校教育的美……