姜科 洪玫 赵鹤 张光兰

摘 要：微电网是指由分布式电源、储能装置、能量转换装置、相关负荷监控、保护装置汇集而成的小型发配电系统。微电网的产能组件是微电网的重要组成部分，由于电源分布具有一定的随机性且电源的稳定性和时间相关联，致使微电网的在不同运行方式和场景下的供电可靠性存在差异。因此为了提高微电网的供电可靠性，亟须要对微电网产能组件建立一个稳定可靠的模型以保证微电网供电的可靠性。从微电网为实时控制系统的角度出发，通过分析光伏、风力发电等分布式电源建立相应的数学模型，将UPPAAL对实时系统建模方法引入微电网产能组件的建模之中，建立起来了微电网光伏电源、风力电源、水力电源的模型。最后通过将建立的模型的仿真结果与基于电磁暂态仿真软件PSCAD/EMTDC的仿真结果对比，证明了该建模方法的正确性，同时建立的模型也能够更加准确的反应实时系统的真实情况。该成果可以用于微电网可靠性的自动化验证工作。

关键词：微电网；组件建模；微电网建模；产能组件；形式化验证

中图分类号：TP301.2 文献标识码：A

Abstract：Micro-grid refers to the distributed generators，energy storage devices，energy conversion devices，related load monitoring，protection devices brought together to form a small-scale distribution system，in which the production components are an important part of the micro-grid.Due to the randomness of the power distribution and the relevance between the stability of power supply and the time，there are differences in the reliability of the micro-grid in different operation modes and conditions.Therefore，in order to improve the reliability of the power supply，it is imperative to establish a stable and reliable model of the production components to ensure the reliability of the micro-grid power supply.From the perspective of micro-grid as a real-time control system，the corresponding mathematical model is established by analyzing distributed power sources such as photovoltaic power and wind power generation.UPPAAL is introduced into the modeling of micro-grid production components by modeling the real-time system to build models of photovoltaic power，wind power，hydraulic power.Finally，the simulation results of the established models are compared with the simulation results based on PSCAD/ EMTDC electromagnetic transient simulation software to prove the correctness of the modeling method，and the model can also more accurately reflect the real situation of the real-time system.The results can be used to verify the reliability of micro grid.

Keywords：micro-grid；component modeling；micro-grid modeling；production components；formal verification

1 引言（Introduction）

隨着现代化进程的加快，传统电网的弊端逐步显现，微电网逐步走入人们的视线。为缓解传统电网的供电压力，微电网的概念被提出：微电网是一个小型的发电系统，由分布式电源、储能设备、需求侧负载和控制单位等组件构成，微电网能够分担主电网的压力，在主电网故障时为用户提供可靠供电。……