张晓驰 刘洋 张吉旺

摘要：随着现代农业产业体系逐步形成，以专业大户、家庭农场和专业合作社为代表的新型农业经营主体已成为发展现代农业的引领力量。来自山东省8市25县68个粮食生产新型农业经营主体及周边的60个普通小农户的调查数据显示：与普通小农户相比，新型农业经营主体经营者年龄偏低，文化程度偏高，近半数拥有村干部任职经历，在盈利能力、农艺管理、销售渠道等方面具有明显优势，但在保险、融资、灌溉、晾晒、贮藏、政府补贴等方面仍面临困难和挑战。积极培育新型职业农民，节本增效，发展适度规模经营，完善农业基础设施、转变扶持方式，才能保障粮食生产的可持续发展。

关键词：新型农业经营主体；粮食生产经营情况；障碍因素；对策建议

中图分类号：F304.3 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2018）09-0143-05

Abstract With the gradual formation of modern agricultural industry system， the new agricultural management entities represented by professional large-scale household， family farm， and professional cooperative are increasingly showing their vitality and potential， and have become the leading force in the development of modern agriculture. The survey data were collected from 68 new agricultural management entities and 60 small-scale households in 25 counties of 8 cities in Shandong Province. The results showed that the holders of the new agricultural management entities were relatively young with relatively higher educational levels， and nearly half of them had ownership village cadre appointment experience. It had obvious advantages in terms of profitability， agronomic management， and sale channels. At the same time， they still faced difficulties and challenges in insurance， financing， irrigation， drying， storage and government subsidies. In order to ensure the sustainable development of grain production， we should actively cultivate new-type professional farmers， save costs and increase efficiency， develop moderate-scale operations， improve agricultural infrastructure， and transform government support for agriculture.

Keywords New agricultural management entity； Grain production and management； Barriers； Countermeasures and suggestions

當前我国农业仍未摆脱传统农业经营效益低下、农业基础设施薄弱、规模化经营不健全等问题，培育新型农业经营主体对于改变我国农业发展现状有着极大的促进作用[1-4]。本文基于实地调研，引用相关数据，运用描述统计与对比分析的方法，对以专业大户、家庭农场、专业合作社为代表的新型农业经营主体粮食生产现状开展研究，旨在分析新型农业经营主体粮食生产的障碍因素，提出促进新型农业经营主体发展的对策建议。

1 山东省新型农业经营主体粮食生产的发展现状1.1 农户基本信息

本次调研对象以男性居多，新型农业经营主体的主要负责人全部为男性。……