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不同农作物秸秆生物炭性质及其对重金属铅的吸附特性研究

2018-12-08李赟孙宵琦于瑞雪房晓茹陈甜甜单瑞峰

山东农业科学 2018年9期

李赟 孙宵琦 于瑞雪 房晓茹 陈甜甜 单瑞峰

摘要:以大豆秸秆、高粱秸秆为原料,在350、500、650℃条件下,限氧控温制备生物炭,探讨不同类型生物炭性质及其对溶液中重金属Pb2+的吸附特性;利用2种等温吸附模型(Langmuir、Freundlich 模型)研究了不同类型生物炭对Pb2+的吸附行为。结果表明:不同热解温度下的大豆、高粱生物炭,其灰分、挥发分及固定碳存在一定的差异性;随着热解温度的升高,生物炭对Pb2+的吸附性能增强。大豆生物炭对Pb2+的吸附量明显大于高粱生物炭;采用Langmuir和Freundlich分别对吸附数据进行拟合,两种生物炭的吸附行为更符合Freundlich模型,且属于线性等温吸附。

关键词:生物炭;农作物秸秆;重金属铅;吸附;热解温度

中图分类号:S145.9:X705 文献标识号:A 文章编号:1001-4942(2018)09-0078-05

Abstract Biochars were prepared from soybean and broomcorn straws at 350℃, 500℃ and 600℃ under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere. The biochar properties and the adsorption characteristics for Pb2+ in aqueous solutions were investigated. The adsorption isotherm for Pb2+ of different biochars were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich models. The results showed that the ash content, volatile matter and fixed carbon of soybean and broomcorn straws were different under different pyrolysis temperatures. Adsorption capacity of biochar to Pb2+ gradually increased with the increase of pyrolysis temperature. Moreover, the adsorption capacity of soybean biochar for Pb2+ was significantly higher than that of broomcorn biochar. The adsorption experiments revealed that the adsorption behavior of the two biochar types fitted Freundlich model very well, and belonged to linear isotherm adsorption.

Keywords Biochar; Crop straw; Pb2+; Adsorption; Pyrolysis temperature

重金屬的开采冶炼和加工过程、固体废弃物的处理、污水灌溉等因素的影响导致重金属进入大气、水、土壤,引起严重的环境污染。作为常见重金属污染的铅可通过直接饮用或食物链进入人体,并且在人体中累积。铅通过皮肤、消化道、呼吸道进入体内与各种器官亲和,进而导致贫血症、神经机能失调和肾损伤[1]。因此有效处理含铅废水具有重要的环境意义。重金属污染修复技术主要有化学沉淀法、离子交换法、电化学方法及吸附法等[2]。其中,吸附法因其方法简单、高效、快速而得到广泛应用[3]。在吸附法中,吸附剂的选择是其核心。活性炭、石墨烯和碳纳米管由于其具有多孔结构、独特的表面化学性质和对重金属较强的吸附能力而备受关注,然而由于价格昂贵限制了其广泛应用。……

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