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不同种类砧木对苹果果实挥发性成分的影响

2018-12-08王海波孙兆祥江鸿燕王传增程来亮李林光

山东农业科学 2018年9期

王海波 孙兆祥 江鸿燕 王传增 程来亮 李林光

摘要:本试验采用60-160、BP、71-3-150、M26、M9T337和平邑甜茶共6种砧木嫁接沂水红富士苹果,比较其嫁接品种成熟果实的挥发性成分种类和含量。结果表明,采用60-160砧木嫁接对果实香气成分总数、特征香气成分数量有促进作用,其次为BP砧木,71-3-150与M26嫁接的果实特征香气成分较少;M9T337、60-160嫁接的果实酯类总量较高,醇类与醛类含量分别以71-3-150和60-160嫁接的较低,BP嫁接的果实萜烯类含量较高。综合分析表明,60-160砧木在促进果实香味提升中具有促进作用,是苹果优质生产的候选矮化砧木之一。

关键词:苹果;砧木;果实;挥发性成分

中图分类号:S661.1 文献标识号:A 文章编号:1001-4942(2018)09-0044-04

Abstract The Yishui Fuji apple was grafted on six different rootstocks 60-160,BP,71-3-150,M26、M9T337 and Malus hupenensis Rhed. to evaluate the effects of rootstocks on types and contents of volatile components in ripe fruits of cultivar. The results showed that rootstock 60-160 promoted the total number of aroma components and the number of characteristic aroma components in the fruits, followed by BP rootstock. The fewer aroma components were detected in the fruits of Fuji on 71-3-150 and M26 rootstocks. The higher content of esters was found in Fuji fruits on M9T337 and 60-160 rootstocks. The contents of alcohols and aldehydes were lower in the fruits of Fuji grafted on 71-3-150 and 60-160 rootstocks, respectively. The content of terpenes was higher in Fuji fruits on BP rootstock. Comprehensive analysis showed that 60-160 rootstock could promote fruit aroma and was one of the candidate dwarfing rootstocks for apple production.

Keywords Apple; Rootstock; Fruits; Volatile component

果實风味是影响消费者选择和食用苹果的重要感官特征之一[1]。砧木是影响苹果果实香气成分构成和含量的重要因素,但影响效应不尽相同。研究表明,八棱海棠实生砧上的华冠果实芳香物质总含量低于M系砧木[2];选用富士树高接可以提高红露果实香气品质[3];M26中间砧嫁接红将军果实香气种类最多,而M9自根砧较少,八棱海棠嫁接红将军果实中醇、酯类含量均较高,但这两类成分分别在M9、M26自根砧嫁接红将军果实中较低[4];采用M26中间砧嫁接与仅使用八棱海棠嫁接可显著提高泰山嘎拉苹果果实中醛类、酯类和香气总量[5]。这为通过选择适宜砧木、搭配合理砧穗组合提高套袋果实的香味品质提供了可能。本研究利用生产中常用砧木M9T337、M26、平邑甜茶以及最新引进的俄罗斯抗寒砧木60-160、71-3-150、BP等与沂水红富士的砧穗组合,对套袋条件下果实的挥发性成分与嗅感品质进行评价,以期为套袋苹果风味提升提供砧木选择参考。……

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