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缸孔粗镗中刀具寿命的影响因素分析

2018-12-08刘松董璠雷冲柳佳琛戚岸均

汽车科技 2018年5期

刘松 董璠 雷冲 柳佳琛 戚岸均

摘 要:缸体是发动机的关键部件之一,其加工质量直接影响发动机各项性能指标。本文在汽油发动机上开展了缸孔粗镗中刀具寿命的影响研究,分析了缸孔材料,缸体结构,加工参数和刀具结构等因素对刀具寿命的影响。研究结果表明,刀具寿命的提高是多个因素共同作用的结果,通过改善缸孔中硫的含量和碳当量,底部避让坑的结构及优化加工参数,可以有效提高粗镗刀具寿命,对提到产品质量和降低生产成本都有积极的指导意义。

关键词:缸孔;粗镗;刀具寿命;加工参数

中图分类号:TK416+.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1005-2550(2018)05-0099-03

Abstract: Thecylinder body is an important part of engine, which machining quality affects the performance of the engine directly. In this paper, a series of experimental study were carried out on the gasoline engine to investigate the tool life of former boring in cylinder hole, the material of cylinder hole, the cylinder structure, the machining parameters and the tool structure are analyzed in this study. The results show that the improvement of tool life is the result of multiple factors. It can improve the tool life effectively by controlling the sulfur content and the carbon equivalent in the cylinder hole, and optimizing the structure of the bottom shelter and the machining parameters, which provides an important reference value for the improving of product quality and the reducing of the production costs.

Key Words: cylinder hole; former boring; tool life; machining parameters

引言

气缸体是发动机的重要零部件,在气缸体缸孔加工中,粗镗缸孔的加工质量将直接影响发动机的各项性能。随着材料科学和机械加工技术的发展,发动机缸孔加工技术也得以显著提高。目前为减轻发动机重量,缸体的材质已逐步被铝合金替代,缸套采用铸铁材料。加工刀具也逐步采用PCD、CBN等高硬度加工刀具。由于发动机缸孔需经过粗镗、精镗、珩磨等加工步骤,使缸孔形成规则网纹已满足设计要求,在实际生产中,缸孔粗镗的加工质量对后续工序有较大影响,经常出现工件圆柱度不稳定,换刀首件和过程中几何参数超差,刀具寿命波动明显,都对缸孔的加工质量产生较大风险。本文以东风自主品牌发动机粗镗缸孔为研究对象,分析了影响加工质量和刀具寿命的原因,并提出了解决办法。……

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