曹骥

摘 要：简牍档案在制作上，竹质简牍比木质简牍修治工序复杂，需考虑竹黄和竹节。在脱汁处理上，竹质简牍采用杀青工序，木质简牍则或用风干或用烘干定型工艺。缮写的行款采用“左行直书”，格式有“非留白连写式”“留白转简式”“分栏式”几种，所用工具主要是毛笔和墨，其他的如书刀、铅笔、朱砂、漆这些工具也间或出现。编联上主要采取缠绕联结的方式，编绳从一道到五道都有，所用质料主要是丝、麻。简牍档案的存放主要采用“卷”的形态，放置于箧、笥、匣、匮、栈、几等箱柜或桌架上。其分类有按部门、按地点、按事项几种形式，对具体档案有时还会进行编号。在维护上有防火、防蠹、防尘三个方面的内容，对过期档案会进行销毁。

关键词：简牍档案；制作；管理

Abstract： In the production of simple files， the bamboo quality is more complicated than that of the simple wood repairing process. Consider bamboo yellow and bamboo knots. In the dehydration treatment， bamboo is used to kill the green process， while the wood is simply dried or dried and shaped. The lines of writing used "left-straight straight-line books" in formats such as "non-blank written type"， "blankless type conversion" and "separate column type". The tools used are mainly brush and ink， and others such as book cutters， Pencils， cinnabars， and lacquer tools also appear occasionally. The joints mainly take the form of winding joints. The knitting ropes are from one to five， and the materials used are mainly silk and hemp. The storage of simple files is mainly in the form of “volumes” and placed on cabinets or table racks such as enamel， enamel， enamel， enamel， stacks， and the like. The classifications are divided into departments， locations and matters， and the specific files are sometimes numbered. In terms of maintenance， there are three aspects of fire prevention， flood protection， and dust prevention. The expired files will be destroyed.

Keywords： Simple files；Make；management

在中國古代，简牍是纸张大量使用之前最主要的载体之一。其所承载的内容有皇帝诏令、法律文书、官文、簿籍、书籍、书信、契约等多种形式，是对当时社会各方面最原始的记录。许多学者围绕简牍档案分类、管理、价值等方面展开讨论，取得了丰硕成果，不过，囿于资料不足，有些认识还不够充分。因此，笔者拟结合传世文献和出土实物就简牍档案的制作及管理谈点管窥之见。

1 简牍档案的制作

1.1 修治。竹质简牍与木质简牍，由于竹木构造的不同，修治方法亦有差别。对于竹简的制作而言，截取与剖解是必不可少的步骤。《论衡·量知篇》说“截竹为筒，破以为牒”，竹简修治的第一步就是把砍伐的竹子截取为筒。……