血压变异性及其与靶器官损伤的关系
2018-11-27李科王莉刘剑雄
李科 王莉 刘剑雄
[摘要]高血压是多种心血管疾病的危险因素,部分患者血压控制良好情况下仍然有靶器官受损,发生心血管不良事件,2013年ESC提出血压变异性应成为血压控制领域的一个新的重要靶点。高血压是心、脑、肾等多种靶器官损伤的危险因素,血压变异性作为高血压管控新的靶点,进一步控制血压变异性将有效降低全身重要靶器官的损伤率,降低包括肾功能不全、脑卒中、认知能力下降、心室肥厚、心力衰竭、心律失常、外周动脉硬化及冠心病等疾病发生率。
[关键词]血压变异性;心血管;脑;肾脏;靶器官损伤;关系
[中图分类号] R544.1 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2018)8(b)-0030-04
Relationship between blood pressure variability and target organ damage
LI Ke1,2 WANG Li1,2 LIU Jian-xiong2
1. Graduate School, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563003, China; 2. Department of Cardiology, the Second People′s Hospital of Chengdu City, Zunyi Medical University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610017, China
[Abstract] Hypertension is a risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases. In some patients with well-controlled blood pressure, damages of target organs and cardiovascular adverse events may still occur. In 2013, ESC proposed that blood pressure variability should become a new important target in the field of blood pressure control. Hypertension is a risk factor for various target organ damages such as heart, brain and kidney. Blood pressure variability is a new target for the management of hypertension, and further control of blood pressure variability will effectively reduce the damage rate of important target organs throughout the body, as well as reduce the incidence rates of diseases including renal insufficiency, stroke, cognitive decline, ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, arrhythmia, peripheral arteriosclerosis, and coronary heart disease.
[Key words] Blood pressure variability; Cardiovascular; Brain; Kidney; Target organ damage; Relationship
高血压患者比正常血压的人更易出现健康隐患,可引发多种心脑血管疾病,导致心、脑、肾等重要靶器官的生理功能障碍,甚至衰竭。我国高血压患者有约3.3亿,但其知晓率和治疗率为46.5%和41.1%,控制率仅为13.8%[1]。在动态血压监测(ambulatory blood pressure monitoring,ABPM)广泛用于临床后,除血压绝对值的达标外,一定时间内血压波动程度的稳定性也越来越受到临床医生的关注,2013年欧洲心脏病学会(ESC)[2]提出血压变异性( blood pressure variability,BPV) 应成为血压控制领域的一个新的重要靶点。
1 BPV的概念
18世纪人们就发现,人体血压波动在一定范围内,其值并不固定,因此有学者在上世纪八十年代提出了BPV的概念[3]。BPV又称血压波动性,指人体在单位时间内血压呈现出的波动幅度,是心血管系统固有的复杂生理现象。BPV反映迷走和交感神经对心血管调节的平衡性,作为一种无创指标定量评价心血管自主神经功能。……
