姜岩 唐勇伟 李成攻

摘要 为实现蔬菜大棚环境的实时远程监控和精准管理，设计基于专家系统的水肥一体化智能控制系统。信息采集终端实时采集蔬菜大棚的土壤湿度、空气温湿度、光照条件等环境信息，然后将信息上传至云服务器，专家系统结合现场数据，建立数学模型，制定蔬菜需水量、施肥时间以及氮、磷、钾混合比例等控制策略。经试验，基于专家系统推荐施肥，2017年植株氮、磷、钾积累量分别增加了12.77%、10.26%、3.32%，对比靠人工经验控制和基于专家系统的智能控制得出的结论，专家系统推荐施肥优化了氮肥、磷肥、钾肥的配比，蔬菜水果对氮、磷、钾养分吸收更充分。

关键词 蔬菜大棚；水肥一体机；专家系统；推荐施肥；产量

中图分类号 TP273+.5 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2018）10-0191-03

Intelligent System of Water and Fertilizer Based on Expert System

JIANG Yan 1，2 TANG Yong-wei 2 * LI Cheng-gong 2 WANG Mao-li 1，2 ZHAO Jing-bo 1

（1 College of Automation Engineering，Qingdao University of Technology，Qingdao Shandong 266520； 2 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks，Shandong Computer Science Center（National Supercomputer Center in Jinan），Qilu University of Technology（Shandong Academy of Sciences））

Abstract To realize real-time remote monitoring and precise management of vegetable greenhouse environment，an intelligent water and fertilizer integration control system based on expert system was designed.The information collection terminal collects environmental information such as soil moisture，air temperature and humidity，and light conditions in a greenhouse in real time，and then uploads the information to the cloud server.The expert system combines field data to establish a mathematical model to formulate the water demand of vegetables，fertilization time and the ratio of N、P、K，and other control strategies.After experiments，based on recommended fertilization by the expert system，the nitrogen，phosphorus，and potassium accumulations of the plants increased by 12.77%，10.26%，3.32%，respectively in 2017.Comparisons were made based on the results of artificial experience control and intelligent control based on expert systems.By expert systems recommended fertilization，the proportions of nitrogen fertilizer，phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were optimized，and the nutrient absorptions of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium were more abundant in fruits and vegetables.

Key words vegetable greenhouse；water and fertilizer machine；expert system；recommended fertilization；yield

20世紀80年代，温室种植设施技术引入我国。我国科研单位积极吸收国外先进种植经验，促进了我国设施农业的长足发展，弥补了我国在该领域的技术空白。目前我国设施农业建设面积居世界第1位，主要以日光温室单体大棚为主，设施配套设备简单，高科技含量低，环境可控度低，抵御自然恶劣环境能力低，高水平的现代化蔬菜大棚占设施农业总面积的0.14%，现代化装备技术水平、管理理念、人均管理面积、生产劳动效率远落后于世界发达国家。美国、日本、荷兰等农业发达国家，通过深入研究种苗培育、水肥管理、环境调控、土壤特性演变、产前产后处理、流通物流等环节，实现了适合其农业发展标准化、工厂化的栽培体系。……