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毛竹生物学特性及造林技术

2018-11-24谢云胜

现代农业科技 2018年10期

谢云胜

摘要 毛竹是我国分布最广的竹种,具有生长快、伐期短、产量高、用途广等特点,竹产业在祁门县县域经济中占有重要的地位。根据毛竹生物学特性,结合多年毛竹营造实践经验,阐述了毛竹造林选地、整地、季节、方法及幼林抚育等技术;分析了祁门县现有毛竹林低产的原因,介绍低产林改造关键技术措施,包括改善竹林环境与调整竹林结构2个方面,以期指导毛竹栽培生产和集约化经营,努力把毛竹资源优势转化为发展优势、经济优势。

关键词 毛竹;生物学特性;造林技术

中图分类号 S795 文献标识码 B 文章编号 1007-5739(2018)10-0168-02

Biological Characteristics and Afferestation Techniques of Phyllostachys pubescens

XIE Yun-sheng

(Forestry Bureau of Qimen County of Anhui Province,Qimen Anhui 245600)

Abstract Phyllostachys pubescens is the most widely distributed bamboo species in China.It has the characteristics of fast growth,short cutting period,high yield and wide use.Bamboo industry plays an important role in the county economy of Qimen County.According to the biological characteristics of Phyllostachys pubescens,with many years of practical experience of Phyllostachys pubescens building,technical points of Phyllo-stachys pubescens afforestation land selection,land preparation,seasons,methods and tending were elaborated.The reasons of Phyllostachys pubescens low yield were analyzed.The key transformation technical measures of low yield forest were introduced,including Phyllostachys pubescens forest environment improvement and Phyllostachys pubescens forest structure adjustment,so as to guide Phyllostachys pubescens cultivation and intensive management,and strive to transform the advantages of Phyllostachys pubescens resources into development advantages and economic advantages.

Key words Phyllostachys pubescens;biological characteristic;afforestation technique

毛竹(Phyllostachys pubescens)是我國分布最广的竹种,具有生长快、伐期短、产量高、用途广等特点。祁门县属安徽省十大重点毛竹县之一,栽培历史悠久,县委、县政府高度重视竹产业的发展,全县现有毛竹林面积近1万hm2,立竹量2 600万株,竹产业在县域经济占有重要的地位。为把毛竹产业打造成为祁门县产业扶贫的重要力量,根据毛竹的生物学特性,结合毛竹造林与低产毛竹林改造实践经验,系统总结毛竹林丰产栽培技术要点,指导毛竹栽培生产,集约化经营,努力把毛竹资源优势转化为发展优势、经济优势。

1 毛竹生物学特性

1.1 立地条件要求

适宜大面积发展和营建毛竹丰产林基地是年均气温15~20 ℃、最冷月1~12 ℃、年降水量800~1 800 mm、海拔800 m以下的丘陵山地。毛竹对土壤条件要求较高,要求土层疏松深厚,以板岩、页岩发育的黄红壤最适宜毛竹生长。总之,毛竹的适宜立地条件可用“湿适、温和、地利、土宜”8个字进行概括。……

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